Noori Muhammad Atif Masood, Fichadiya Hardik, Jesani Shruti, Abid Fareeha, Sachdeva Nikhita, Saeed Hasham, Jawed Qirat, Elkattawy Sherif, Joshi Meherwan
Internal Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, PAK.
Internal Medicine, Rutgers Health/Trinitas Regional Medical Center, Elizabeth, USA.
Cureus. 2022 Apr 20;14(4):e24309. doi: 10.7759/cureus.24309. eCollection 2022 Apr.
Cocaine is considered a leading non-opioid cause of drug overdose in the US. It acts as a sympathomimetic and increases the amount of catecholamines, thereby increasing the risk of ventricular irritability and resultant arrhythmias. Its sodium (Na) channel blockage is the principal mechanism behind the Brugada pattern on an electrocardiogram (ECG), which is often transient but is indistinguishable from that of Brugada syndrome, the autosomal dominant channelopathy. We are presenting a case of a 32-year-old male with a history of cocaine and nicotine abuse, who sought medical attention for sudden-onset palpitations and pressure-like chest pain after having snorted an impressive amount of cocaine. His ECG depicted a classical Brugada pattern with ST-elevation with T inversion in V1; however, previous ECGs were normal without ST changes, signifying the Brugada pattern unmasked by cocaine use. Other investigations including stress tests and nuclear imaging were equivocal. His symptoms as well as the ECG pattern reverted to baseline signifying the presence of Brugada phenotype in the absence of channelopathy. Hence, as a sodium channel blocker, cocaine may unmask latent Brugada syndrome in asymptomatic patients without a family history. Recognizing Brugada syndrome on ECG is vital to avoid misdiagnosis and mistreatment of the patient with and without a genetic predisposition.
在美国,可卡因被认为是导致药物过量的主要非阿片类药物原因。它作为一种拟交感神经药,会增加儿茶酚胺的量,从而增加心室易激惹性及由此引发心律失常的风险。其对钠(Na)通道的阻滞是心电图(ECG)上出现Brugada波型的主要机制,这种波型通常是短暂的,但与常染色体显性通道病Brugada综合征的波型难以区分。我们报告一例32岁男性病例,该患者有可卡因和尼古丁滥用史,在吸食大量可卡因后因突发心悸和压榨样胸痛就医。他的心电图显示出典型的Brugada波型,V1导联ST段抬高伴T波倒置;然而,之前的心电图正常,无ST段改变,这表明是可卡因使用诱发了Brugada波型。包括负荷试验和核素成像在内的其他检查结果不明确。他的症状以及心电图波型恢复到基线,这表明在无通道病的情况下存在Brugada表型。因此,作为一种钠通道阻滞剂,可卡因可能会在无家族病史的无症状患者中诱发潜在的Brugada综合征。通过心电图识别Brugada综合征对于避免对有或无遗传易感性的患者进行误诊和误治至关重要。