Aljahdali Nesreen
Department of Biological Science, College of Science, King Abdulaziz University, 42742, University Avenue, Jeddah 21551, Saudi Arabia.
Saudi J Biol Sci. 2022 Jun;29(6):103286. doi: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.103286. Epub 2022 Apr 21.
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a genuine international health issue, with Saudi Arabia ranking among the top nations with the largest diabetes prevalence. Following the International Diabetes Federation (IDF), 3.8 million Saudi Arabian people had diabetes in 2014. The occurrence of diabetes in Saudi Arabia is likely to elevate due to the current trend in the general rise of socio-economic status, which positively correlates with diabetes prevalence. The incidence of Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is highest within the age group ≥ 45 years, especially in Riyadh and Jeddah, the metro cities of Saudi Arabia. Previous studies have shown that the incidence of T2D is larger in urban regions (25.5%) than in rural regions (19.5%). Both Riyadh and Jeddah are urban areas with different food habits and locations in Saudi Arabia. Recent studies have indicated the correlation between altered alimentary tract microbiota with type 2 diabetes. Gut microbiota plays a critical role in degrading undigested dietary compounds and releasing a vast array of metabolites that directly and indirectly affects host health. In the current review, we shed light on the state of information on the realization of the types and functions of the alimentary tract microbiome and how it plays a causative agent in the up growth of T2D.
糖尿病（DM）是一个真正的国际性健康问题，沙特阿拉伯是糖尿病患病率最高的国家之一。根据国际糖尿病联合会（IDF）的数据，2014年有380万沙特阿拉伯人患有糖尿病。由于目前社会经济地位普遍上升的趋势，沙特阿拉伯的糖尿病发病率可能会升高，而这一趋势与糖尿病患病率呈正相关。2型糖尿病（T2D）的发病率在年龄≥45岁的人群中最高，尤其是在沙特阿拉伯的大城市利雅得和吉达。先前的研究表明，T2D的发病率在城市地区（25.5%）高于农村地区（19.5%）。利雅得和吉达都是沙特阿拉伯的城市地区，饮食习惯和地理位置各不相同。最近的研究表明，消化道微生物群的改变与2型糖尿病之间存在关联。肠道微生物群在降解未消化的膳食化合物和释放大量直接或间接影响宿主健康的代谢产物方面起着关键作用。在本综述中，我们阐述了关于消化道微生物组的类型和功能的认识现状，以及它如何在T2D的发生发展中作为致病因素发挥作用。
