Department of Botany, University of Science and Technology, Bannu, Pakistan.
Chair of Climate Change, Environmental Development and Vegetation Cover, Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
Sci Rep. 2022 May 25;12(1):8891. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-13005-7.
In present studies we have evaluated mulching impact of Jatropha curcas leaves on soil health and yield of two wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties Wadan-2017 (rainfed) and Pirsabak-2013 (irrigated) under imposed water stress. Mulch of Jatropha leaves was spread on the soil surface at the rate of 0, 1, 3 and 5 Mg ha after seed germination of wheat. Water stress was imposed by skipping irrigations for one month at anthesis stage of wheat maintaining 40% soil field capacity. We found a significant decline in soil microbial biomass carbon (30.27%), total nitrogen (22.28%) and organic matter content (21.73%) due to imposed water stress in non-mulch plots. However, mulch application at 5 Mg ha significantly improved soil organic matter (38.18%), total nitrogen (37.75%), phenolics content (16.95 mg gallic acid equivalents/g) and soil microbial biomass carbon (26.66%) as compared to non-mulch control. Soil health indicators like soil carbonates, bicarbonates, electrical conductivity, chloride ions and total dissolved salts were decreased by 5 Mg ha mulch application. We noted a decline in yield indicators like spike weight (14.74%), grain spike (7.02%), grain length (3.79%), grain width (3.16%), 1000 grains weight (6.10%), Awn length (9.21%), straw weight (23.53%) and total grain yield (5.98%) of wheat due to imposed water stress. Reduction in yield traits of wheat due to water stress was higher in Pirsabak-2013 than Wadan-2017. Jatropha leaves mulch application at 5 Mg ha significantly minimized the loss in yield traits of wheat crop caused by water stress. Jatropha curcas leaves mulch application at 5 Mg ha is recommended for the successful establishment of wheat crop under water deficit conditions.
在目前的研究中，我们评估了麻疯树叶片的覆盖对两种小麦（Triticum aestivum L.）品种瓦丹-2017（雨养）和皮萨巴克-2013（灌溉）在施加水分胁迫下土壤健康和产量的影响。在小麦种子发芽后，将麻疯树叶片以 0、1、3 和 5 Mg/公顷的速率覆盖在土壤表面。在小麦开花期，通过跳过灌溉来施加水分胁迫，保持 40%的土壤田间持水量。我们发现，由于非覆盖处理中施加的水分胁迫，土壤微生物生物量碳（30.27%）、总氮（22.28%）和有机质含量（21.73%）显著下降。然而，与非覆盖对照相比，5 Mg/公顷的覆盖处理显著提高了土壤有机质（38.18%）、总氮（37.75%）、酚类含量（16.95 毫克没食子酸当量/克）和土壤微生物生物量碳（26.66%）。土壤健康指标，如土壤碳酸盐、重碳酸盐、电导率、氯离子和总溶解盐，随着 5 Mg/公顷的覆盖处理而减少。我们注意到，由于施加水分胁迫，穗重（14.74%）、穗粒（7.02%）、粒长（3.79%）、粒宽（3.16%）、千粒重（6.10%）、芒长（9.21%）、秸秆重（23.53%）和总粒产量（5.98%）等产量指标均有所下降。水分胁迫对小麦产量性状的降低在皮萨巴克-2013中高于瓦丹-2017。5 Mg/公顷的麻疯树叶片覆盖处理显著降低了水分胁迫对小麦产量性状的损失。建议在水分亏缺条件下，以 5 Mg/公顷的麻疯树叶片覆盖处理来成功建立小麦作物。
