Department of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Center and the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 111 East 210th St., Bronx, NY, 10467, USA.
Pediatr Radiol. 2022 Sep;52(10):1985-1997. doi: 10.1007/s00247-022-05393-9. Epub 2022 May 26.
The two primary manifestations of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in children are acute coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia and multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C). While most pediatric cases of acute COVID-19 disease are mild or asymptomatic, some children are at risk for developing severe pneumonia. In MIS-C, children present a few weeks after SARS-CoV-2 exposure with a febrile illness that can rapidly progress to shock and multiorgan dysfunction. In both diseases, the clinical and laboratory findings can be nonspecific and present a diagnostic challenge. Thoracic imaging is commonly obtained to assist with initial workup, assessment of disease progression, and guidance of therapy. This paper reviews the radiologic findings of acute COVID-19 pneumonia and MIS-C, highlights the key distinctions between the entities, and summarizes our understanding of the role of imaging in managing SARS-CoV-2-related illness in children.
严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2（SARS-CoV-2）在儿童中的两种主要表现为急性冠状病毒病 2019（COVID-19）肺炎和多系统炎症综合征（MIS-C）。虽然大多数儿童急性 COVID-19 疾病为轻症或无症状，但有些儿童存在发生重症肺炎的风险。在 MIS-C 中，儿童在 SARS-CoV-2 暴露后数周出现发热疾病，可迅速进展为休克和多器官功能障碍。在这两种疾病中，临床和实验室检查结果可能不具特异性，给诊断带来挑战。胸部影像学常用于辅助初始检查、评估疾病进展和指导治疗。本文综述了急性 COVID-19 肺炎和 MIS-C 的影像学表现，强调了两者之间的关键区别，并总结了我们对影像学在管理儿童 SARS-CoV-2 相关疾病中的作用的理解。
