Shell Global Solutions International B.V., PO Box 162, 2501 AN, The Hague, the Netherlands; CONCAWE, Boulevard Du Souverain 165, Mineral Hydrocarbons Task Force, B-1160, Brussels, Belgium.
Shell Global Solutions International B.V., PO Box 162, 2501 AN, The Hague, the Netherlands; CONCAWE, Boulevard Du Souverain 165, Mineral Hydrocarbons Task Force, B-1160, Brussels, Belgium.
Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 2022 Jul;132:105193. doi: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2022.105193. Epub 2022 May 23.
The carcinogenicity and developmental toxicity of unrefined mineral oil is related to its 3-7 ring polycyclic aromatic compounds (PAC) content. Therefore, refining operations focus on the targeted removal PAC from mineral oil that may contain aromatics of low toxicological concern. There are thus, two types of aromatic substances in mineral oil: hazardous and non-hazardous. The first type consists of 3-7 ring PAC which may be naked (unsubstituted) or lowly alkylated. The second type or non-hazardous consists of 1-7 ring aromatics with high degree of alkylation or lack of bay or fjord regions. Although these are toxicologically different, they may both elute in the same fraction when using chromatography. To understand how these two aromatic types are related we have assessed the entire mineral oil refinement process by measuring total mineral oil aromatic hydrocarbons (MOAH) content by chromatography next to regulatory hazard tests which focus on 3-7 ring PAC. MOAH content is positively correlated to its molecular weight resulting in aromatic content bias for high viscosity substances. Hazard to 3-7 ring PAC is best controlled by the validated IP346 or modified Ames test. We explain the concept of high vs low alkylation by shortly reviewing new data on alkylated PAC.
未精炼矿物油的致癌性和发育毒性与其 3-7 环多环芳烃（PAC）含量有关。因此，精炼操作的重点是有针对性地去除矿物油中的 PAC，而这些 PAC 可能含有低毒理学关注的芳烃。因此，矿物油中有两种芳烃物质：有害和无害。第一种类型由 3-7 环 PAC 组成，可能是裸露的（未取代的）或低度烷基化的。第二种类型或无害的由 1-7 环芳烃组成，具有高度烷基化或缺乏海湾或峡湾区域。尽管它们在毒理学上有所不同，但在使用色谱法时，它们可能会在同一馏分中洗脱。为了了解这两种芳烃类型之间的关系，我们通过测量色谱法测定的总矿物油芳烃（MOAH）含量，以及针对 3-7 环 PAC 的监管危害测试，评估了整个矿物油精炼过程。MOAH 含量与其分子量呈正相关，导致高粘度物质的芳烃含量存在偏差。通过验证的 IP346 或改良的艾姆斯测试，对 3-7 环 PAC 的危害控制得最好。我们通过简要回顾烷基化 PAC 的新数据来解释高烷基化与低烷基化的概念。
