Kalia Arun, Sharma Samriti, Semor Nisha, Babele Piyoosh Kumar, Sagar Shweta, Bhatia Ravi Kant, Walia Abhishek
Center for Environmental Science and Technology, Central University of Punjab, Bhatinda, 151001 India.
Department of Biotechnology, Dr Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, India.
3 Biotech. 2022 Jun;12(6):135. doi: 10.1007/s13205-022-03199-y. Epub 2022 May 23.
Petrochemicals are important hydrocarbons, which are one of the major concerns when accidently escaped into the environment. On one hand, these cause soil and fresh water pollution on land due to their seepage and leakage from automobile and petrochemical industries. On the other hand, oil spills occur during the transport of crude oil or refined petroleum products in the oceans around the world. These hydrocarbon and petrochemical spills have not only posed a hazard to the environment and marine life, but also linked to numerous ailments like cancers and neural disorders. Therefore, it is very important to remove or degrade these pollutants before their hazardous effects deteriorate the environment. There are varieties of mechanical and chemical methods for removing hydrocarbons from polluted areas, but they are all ineffective and expensive. Bioremediation techniques provide an economical and eco-friendly mechanism for removing petrochemical and hydrocarbon residues from the affected sites. Bioremediation refers to the complete mineralization or transformation of complex organic pollutants into the simplest compounds by biological agents such as bacteria, fungi, etc. Many indigenous microbes present in nature are capable of detoxification of various hydrocarbons and their contaminants. This review presents an updated overview of recent advancements in various technologies used in the degradation and bioremediation of petroleum hydrocarbons, providing useful insights to manage such problems in an eco-friendly manner.
石化产品是重要的碳氢化合物，当它们意外泄漏到环境中时，是主要的关注问题之一。一方面，由于它们从汽车和石化行业渗出和泄漏，会导致陆地土壤和淡水污染。另一方面，在世界各地海洋中运输原油或精炼石油产品时会发生石油泄漏。这些碳氢化合物和石化产品泄漏不仅对环境和海洋生物构成危害，还与许多疾病如癌症和神经紊乱有关。因此，在这些污染物的有害影响恶化环境之前将其去除或降解非常重要。有多种机械和化学方法可用于从污染区域去除碳氢化合物，但它们都效率低下且成本高昂。生物修复技术为从受影响地点去除石化产品和碳氢化合物残留物提供了一种经济且环保的机制。生物修复是指通过细菌、真菌等生物制剂将复杂的有机污染物完全矿化或转化为最简单的化合物。自然界中存在的许多本土微生物能够对各种碳氢化合物及其污染物进行解毒。本综述提供了石油碳氢化合物降解和生物修复中使用的各种技术的最新进展概述，为以环保方式管理此类问题提供了有用的见解。
