Laboratory of Immunology and Parasite Genomics, Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
Gastrointestinal Research Group, Inflammation Research Network and Host-Parasite Interactions Group, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 2022 Aug;66:38-52. doi: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2022.05.002. Epub 2022 May 21.
Infection with helminth parasites affects more than 1.5 billion people and is concentrated in global areas of extreme poverty, having a significant impact on public health, social life and the economy. Upon entry into the host, helminth parasites often migrate through specific tissues triggering host immunity. The immune response triggered by helminth infections is complex and depends on parasite load, site of infection, acuteness/chronicity of the infection and is species-dependent. In general, susceptibility or resistance to the infection involves the participation of the innate immune response and then the balance between several effector CD4 T cells subsets, such as Th1, Th2, Th9, Th17, Tfh and Treg, coordinated by immune mediators such as cytokines and chemokines. Chemokines guide the recruitment and activation of leukocytes under inflammatory and homeostatic states. The chemokine system has been associated with several diseases and experimental models with a significant inflammatory component, including infection with helminth parasites. Therefore, this critical review will highlight the main findings concerning chemokine responses elicited by the interaction between helminth parasites and the hosts' immune system, hence contributing to the understanding of the relevance of chemokine synthesis and biology in the immunological response to infection by parasitic helminths.
寄生虫感染影响全球超过 15 亿人，主要集中在极度贫困地区，对公共卫生、社会生活和经济造成重大影响。寄生虫进入宿主后，通常会在特定组织中迁移，引发宿主免疫反应。寄生虫感染引发的免疫反应非常复杂，取决于寄生虫负荷、感染部位、感染的急性/慢性以及物种依赖性。一般来说，对感染的易感性或抗性涉及先天免疫反应的参与，然后是几种效应性 CD4 T 细胞亚群（如 Th1、Th2、Th9、Th17、Tfh 和 Treg）之间的平衡，这些亚群由细胞因子和趋化因子等免疫介质协调。趋化因子在炎症和稳态状态下指导白细胞的募集和激活。趋化因子系统与多种疾病和具有显著炎症成分的实验模型有关，包括寄生虫感染。因此，本综述将重点介绍寄生虫与宿主免疫系统相互作用所引发的趋化因子反应的主要发现，从而有助于理解趋化因子合成和生物学在寄生虫感染免疫反应中的相关性。
