Mas-Bargues Cristina, García-Domínguez Esther, Borrás Consuelo
Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable-Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBERFES-ISCIII), INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
Antioxidants (Basel). 2022 Apr 28;11(5):864. doi: 10.3390/antiox11050864.
Oxidative stress refers to an imbalance between oxidant and antioxidant molecules, which is usually associated with oxidative damage to biomolecules and mitochondrial malfunction. Redox state-related parameters include (1) the direct measurement of ROS, (2) the assessment of the antioxidant defense status, and (3) the analysis of the resulting oxidative damage to molecules. Directly measuring ROS appears to be the preferred method among scientists, but most ROS are extremely unstable and difficult to measure. The processes of determining both the oxidative damage to biomolecules and the antioxidant system status, although both are indirect approaches, provide a reliable method to measure oxidative stress on a given sample. Recently, the Seahorse XF and the Oroboros O2k systems have provided new insights into the redox state from a more dynamic point of view. These techniques assess mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation function and bioenergetics on isolated mitochondria, cultured cells, or specific tissues such as permeabilized fibers. This review describes a range of methodologies to measure redox state-related parameters, their strengths, and their limitations. In conclusion, all these techniques are valid and none of them can be replaced by another. Indeed, they have the potential to complement each other for a complete evaluation of the redox state of a given sample.
氧化应激是指氧化剂与抗氧化剂分子之间的失衡，这通常与生物分子的氧化损伤和线粒体功能障碍有关。氧化还原状态相关参数包括：（1）活性氧（ROS）的直接测量；（2）抗氧化防御状态的评估；（3）对由此产生的分子氧化损伤的分析。在科学家们看来，直接测量ROS似乎是首选方法，但大多数ROS极其不稳定，难以测量。确定生物分子氧化损伤和抗氧化系统状态的过程，虽然两者都是间接方法，但为测量给定样本上的氧化应激提供了一种可靠的方法。最近，海马XF和奥罗波若斯O2k系统从更动态的角度为氧化还原状态提供了新的见解。这些技术评估分离的线粒体、培养细胞或特定组织（如透化纤维）上的线粒体氧化磷酸化功能和生物能量学。本综述描述了一系列测量氧化还原状态相关参数的方法、它们的优点及其局限性。总之，所有这些技术都是有效的，没有一种可以被另一种取代。事实上，它们有可能相互补充，以全面评估给定样本的氧化还原状态。
