Comparative Mitogenomics of True Frogs (Ranidae, Anura), and Its Implications for the Phylogeny and Evolutionary History of .

The true frogs of the genus are a complex and diverse group, containing approximately 60 species with wide distribution across Eurasia and the Americas. Recently, many new species have been discovered with the help of molecular markers and morphological traits. However, the evolutionary history in was not well understood and might be limited by the absence of mitogenome information. In this study, we sequenced and annotated the complete mitochondrial genome of and , containing 22 tRNAs, 13 protein-coding genes, two ribosomal RNAs, and a non-coding region, with 17,502 bp and 18,006 bp in length, respectively. In 13 protein codon genes, the COI was the most conserved, and ATP8 had a fast rate of evolution. The Ka/Ks ratio analysis among indicated the protein-coding genes were suffering purify selection. There were three kinds of gene arrangement patterns found. The mitochondrial gene arrangement was not related to species diversification, and several independent shifts happened in evolutionary history. Climate fluctuation and environmental change may have played an essential role in species diversification in . This study provides mitochondrial genetic information, improving our understanding of mitogenomic structure and evolution, and recognizes the phylogenetic relationship and taxonomy among .