School of Education, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, UK.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 May 17;19(10):6064. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19106064.
Peer education and peer counselling for health and wellbeing have been recognized as complementary approaches to professional intervention for over 50 years, but it is relatively recently that research into effects has become adequate. Potentially, they have advantages in reaching where professionals cannot, but it has not been clear if that potential is fulfilled, although the measurement of effects is difficult. The present paper examines 58 narrative and systematic reviews and meta-analyses on the topic. In peer education, there were many reviews of sexual health and of HIV/AIDS interventions, followed by reviews of various medical conditions and in the context of prisons. More general reviews covered a wider field. In peer counselling, there were several reviews of breast-feeding and mental health. Many early reviews complained of the lack of evaluation; then, later reviews found knowledge gains but not behavior gains; then, still later reviews found both knowledge and behavior gains. Thus, peer education and counselling appear effective but only if organizational factors are well managed and the cultural context of the country respected. The implications for future practice, policy and research were outlined.
同伴教育和同伴咨询在促进健康和幸福感方面被认为是对专业干预的补充方法，已经有 50 多年的历史了，但直到最近，对其效果的研究才变得充分。它们有可能在专业人员无法触及的地方发挥作用，但尚不清楚这种潜力是否得到了实现，尽管效果的衡量存在困难。本文研究了 58 篇关于该主题的叙述性和系统性综述和荟萃分析。在同伴教育方面，有许多关于性健康和艾滋病病毒/艾滋病干预措施的综述，其次是关于各种医疗条件和监狱环境的综述。更广泛的综述涵盖了更广泛的领域。在同伴咨询方面，有一些关于母乳喂养和心理健康的综述。许多早期的综述都抱怨缺乏评估；然后，后来的综述发现了知识的增长，但没有发现行为的增长；再后来，仍然有综述发现了知识和行为的增长。因此，同伴教育和咨询似乎是有效的，但前提是组织因素得到很好的管理，并且尊重国家的文化背景。本文还概述了对未来实践、政策和研究的影响。
