Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties "G. D'Alessandro" (PROMISE), Section of Endocrinology, University of Palermo, Piazza delle Cliniche 2, 90127 Palermo, Italy.
Endocrinology Section, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Garibaldi Nesima Hospital, University of Catania, 95122 Catania, Italy.
Int J Mol Sci. 2022 May 20;23(10):5710. doi: 10.3390/ijms23105710.
There is growing concern regarding the health and safety issues of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Long-term exposure to EDCs has alarming adverse health effects through both hormone-direct and hormone-indirect pathways. Non-chemical agents, including physical agents such as artificial light, radiation, temperature, and stress exposure, are currently poorly investigated, even though they can seriously affect the endocrine system, by modulation of hormonal action. Several mechanisms have been suggested to explain the interference of EDCs with hormonal activity. However, difficulty in quantifying the exposure, low standardization of studies, and the presence of confounding factors do not allow the establishment of a causal relationship between endocrine disorders and exposure to specific toxic agents. In this review, we focus on recent findings on the effects of EDCs and hormone system modulators on the endocrine system, including the thyroid, parathyroid glands, adrenal steroidogenesis, beta-cell function, and male and female reproductive function.
人们越来越关注内分泌干扰化学物质 (EDCs) 的健康和安全问题。长期暴露于 EDCs 会通过激素直接和间接途径产生惊人的不良健康影响。目前，人们对非化学因素（包括人工光、辐射、温度和应激暴露等物理因素）的研究甚少，尽管它们可以通过调节激素作用严重影响内分泌系统。已经提出了几种机制来解释 EDC 干扰激素活性的原因。然而，由于难以量化暴露程度、研究标准化程度低以及存在混杂因素，因此无法确定内分泌紊乱与暴露于特定有毒物质之间存在因果关系。在这篇综述中，我们重点介绍了 EDCs 和激素系统调节剂对甲状腺、甲状旁腺、肾上腺类固醇生成、β细胞功能以及男性和女性生殖功能的影响的最新发现。
