Cokorilo Nebojsa, Ruiz-Montero Pedro Jesús, González-Fernández Francisco Tomás, Martín-Moya Ricardo
Faculty of Sport, University UNION Nikola Tesla, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia.
Physical Education and Sport Department, Faculty of Education and Sport Sciences, Campus of Melilla, University of Granada, 52005 Melilla, Spain.
J Clin Med. 2022 May 20;11(10):2900. doi: 10.3390/jcm11102900.
(1) Background: The main aim of this study was to examine the effect of an intervention of 12 weeks in three groups on anthropometric measurement and heart rate (HR) variables, fitness index, and maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) in older women. (2) Methods: In total, 166 Serbian adult women, aged 50 to 69 years old, participated in this study, comprising a control group (60 participants, μage = 57.8 + 6.6), Nordic-walking (NW) group (53 participants, μage = 57.5 + 6.8), and recreational-walking (RW) group (53 participants, μage = 57.8 + 6.6) in a physical fitness programme for 12 weeks. (3) Results: Anthropometric measurement variables were measured using a stadiometer and an electronic scale. The data showed differences in walking heart rate (bt/min) (p < 0.001; η2 = 0.088) between control, NW, and RW groups in the pretest analysis. Moreover, there were significant differences in walking heart rate (bt/min) (η2 = 0.155), heart rate at the end of the test (bt/min) (η2 = 0.093), total time of fitness index test (min) (η2 = 0.097), fitness index (η2 = 0.130), and VO2max (η2 = 0.111) (all, p < 0.001) between control, NW, and RW groups in the posttest analysis. (4) Conclusions: NW group training resulted in slightly greater benefits than RW group training. The present study demonstrated that both groups could act as modalities to improve the functionality and quality of life of people during the ageing process, reflected mainly in HR variables; UKK test measurements, and VO2max. It also contributes to the extant research on older women during exercise and opens interesting avenues for future research.
(1) 背景：本研究的主要目的是考察三组为期12周的干预措施对老年女性人体测量指标、心率（HR）变量、体能指数和最大摄氧量（VO2max）的影响。(2) 方法：共有166名年龄在50至69岁之间的塞尔维亚成年女性参与了本研究，她们被分为一个对照组（60名参与者，平均年龄 = 57.8 ± 6.6）、越野行走（NW）组（53名参与者，平均年龄 = 57.5 ± 6.8）和休闲行走（RW）组（53名参与者，平均年龄 = 57.8 ± 6.6），参加一项为期12周的体能训练计划。(3) 结果：使用身高计和电子秤测量人体测量指标变量。数据显示，在预测试分析中，对照组、NW组和RW组之间的步行心率（次/分钟）存在差异（p < 0.001；η2 = 0.088）。此外，在测试后分析中，对照组、NW组和RW组之间的步行心率（次/分钟）（η2 = 0.155）、测试结束时的心率（次/分钟）（η2 = 0.093）、体能指数测试总时间（分钟）（η2 = 0.097）、体能指数（η2 = 0.130）和VO2max（η2 = 0.111）均存在显著差异（所有p < 0.001）。(4) 结论：NW组训练带来的益处略大于RW组训练。本研究表明，两组训练都可作为改善人们在衰老过程中的功能和生活质量的方式，主要体现在HR变量、UKK测试测量结果和VO2max上。它也为现有关于老年女性运动的研究做出了贡献，并为未来研究开辟了有趣的途径。
