Pan Xiaoyue
Department of Foundations of Medicine, New York University Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, New York, NY 11501, USA.
Diabetes and Obesity Research Center, NYU Langone Hospital-Long Island, Mineola, New York, NY 11501, USA.
Metabolites. 2022 May 20;12(5):462. doi: 10.3390/metabo12050462.
The kidneys are organs that require energy from the metabolism of fatty acids and glucose; several studies have shown that the kidneys are metabolically active tissues with an estimated energy requirement similar to that of the heart. The kidneys may regulate the normal and pathological function of circulating lipids in the body, and their glomerular filtration barrier prevents large molecules or large lipoprotein particles from being filtered into pre-urine. Given the permeable nature of the kidneys, renal lipid metabolism plays an important role in affecting the rest of the body and the kidneys. Lipid metabolism in the kidneys is important because of the exchange of free fatty acids and apolipoproteins from the peripheral circulation. Apolipoproteins have important roles in the transport and metabolism of lipids within the glomeruli and renal tubules. Indeed, evidence indicates that apolipoproteins have multiple functions in regulating lipid import, transport, synthesis, storage, oxidation and export, and they are important for normal physiological function. Apolipoproteins are also risk factors for several renal diseases; for example, apolipoprotein L polymorphisms induce kidney diseases. Furthermore, renal apolipoprotein gene expression is substantially regulated under various physiological and disease conditions. This review is aimed at describing recent clinical and basic studies on the major roles and functions of apolipoproteins in the kidneys.
肾脏是需要脂肪酸和葡萄糖代谢产生能量的器官；多项研究表明，肾脏是代谢活跃的组织，其能量需求估计与心脏相似。肾脏可能调节体内循环脂质的正常和病理功能，其肾小球滤过屏障可防止大分子或大脂蛋白颗粒滤入原尿。鉴于肾脏的渗透性，肾脏脂质代谢在影响身体其他部位和肾脏方面发挥着重要作用。由于外周循环中游离脂肪酸和载脂蛋白的交换，肾脏中的脂质代谢很重要。载脂蛋白在肾小球和肾小管内脂质的运输和代谢中具有重要作用。事实上，有证据表明载脂蛋白在调节脂质的导入、运输、合成、储存、氧化和输出方面具有多种功能，它们对正常生理功能很重要。载脂蛋白也是几种肾脏疾病的危险因素；例如，载脂蛋白L多态性会引发肾脏疾病。此外，在各种生理和疾病条件下，肾脏载脂蛋白基因表达受到显著调节。本综述旨在描述关于载脂蛋白在肾脏中的主要作用和功能的近期临床和基础研究。
