Price Danielle, Barnum Samantha, Mize Jenny, Pusterla Nicola
Steinbeck Peninsula Equine Clinics, Menlo Park Clinic, Menlo Park, CA 94028, USA.
Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
Pathogens. 2022 May 13;11(5):574. doi: 10.3390/pathogens11050574.
The purpose of this study was to explore sampling options for a reliable and logistically more feasible protocol during a large EHV-1 outbreak. Seventeen horses with clinical infection as well as nineteen healthy herdmates, all part of an EHM outbreak, were enrolled in the study. Each horse was sampled two-four times at intervals of 2-6 days during the outbreak. All samples were collected using 6'' rayon-tipped swabs. Nasal secretions were used as the diagnostic sample of choice. Additional samples, including swabs from the muzzle/nares, swabs from the front limbs, rectal swabs, swabs of the feed bin, and swabs of the water troughs were collected as well. All swabs were tested for the presence of EHV-1 by qPCR. With the exception of two EHV-1 qPCR-positive swabs from two different horses, all remaining swabs collected from healthy herdmates tested qPCR-negative for EHV-1. For horses with clinical infection, EHV-1 was detected in 31 nasal swabs, 30 muzzle/nares swabs, 7 front limb swabs, 7 feeders, 6 water troughs and 6 rectal swabs. Not all positive muzzle/nares swabs correlated with a positive nasal swab from the same set, however, and all other positive swabs did correlate with a positive nasal swab in their respective set. The agreement between nasal swabs and muzzle/nares swabs was 74%. The sampling of non-invasive swabs from the muzzle/nares should facilitate the identification of EHV-1 shedders during an outbreak, allowing for prompt isolation and implementation of biosecurity measures.
本研究的目的是在一次大规模马疱疹病毒1型（EHV-1）疫情爆发期间，探索一种可靠且在后勤保障方面更可行的采样方案。17匹临床感染马以及19匹健康同群马（均为一次马脑脊髓炎疫情的一部分）被纳入研究。在疫情爆发期间，每匹马每隔2 - 6天采样2 - 4次。所有样本均使用6英寸的人造纤维头拭子采集。鼻分泌物被用作首选诊断样本。还采集了其他样本，包括口鼻部/鼻孔拭子、前肢拭子、直肠拭子、饲料槽拭子和水槽拭子。所有拭子均通过定量聚合酶链反应（qPCR）检测是否存在EHV-1。除了来自两匹不同马的两份EHV-1 qPCR阳性拭子外，从健康同群马采集的所有其余拭子经qPCR检测EHV-1均为阴性。对于临床感染的马，在31份鼻拭子、30份口鼻部/鼻孔拭子、7份前肢拭子、7个饲料槽、6个水槽和6份直肠拭子中检测到EHV-1。然而，并非所有阳性口鼻部/鼻孔拭子都与同一组中的阳性鼻拭子相关，而所有其他阳性拭子确实与各自组中的阳性鼻拭子相关。鼻拭子和口鼻部/鼻孔拭子之间的一致性为74%。从口鼻部/鼻孔采集非侵入性拭子进行采样，应有助于在疫情爆发期间识别EHV-1排毒者，从而能够迅速进行隔离并实施生物安全措施。
