Gallipoli Medical Research Foundation, Greenslopes Private Hospital, Greenslopes, QLD 4021, Australia.
Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia.
Nutrients. 2022 May 17;14(10):2094. doi: 10.3390/nu14102094.
Military veterans often have numerous physical and mental health conditions and can face unique challenges to intervention and management. Dietary interventions can improve the outcomes in many health conditions. This study aimed to evaluate the scope of health conditions targeted with dietary interventions and the effectiveness of these interventions for improving health-related outcomes in veterans. A systematic literature review was performed following PRISMA guidelines to identify and evaluate studies related to veterans and dietary interventions. Five electronic databases were searched, identifying 2669 references. Following screening, 35 studies were evaluated, and 18 were related to a US national veteran weight-loss program. The included studies were critically appraised, and the findings were narratively synthesized. Study designs ranged from randomised controlled trials to cohort studies and were predominantly U.S. based. The intervention durations ranged from one to 24 months. The mean subject age ranged from 39.0 to 69.7 years, with often predominantly male participants, and the mean body mass index ranged from 26.4 to 42.9 kg/m. Most dietary interventions for veterans were implemented in populations with overweight/obesity or chronic disease and involved single dietary interventions or dietary components of holistic lifestyle interventions. The most common primary outcome of interest was weight loss. The success of dietary interventions was generally moderate, and barriers included poor compliance, mental health conditions and large drop-out rates. The findings from this review illustrate the need for further refinement of dietary and lifestyle interventions for the management of veterans with chronic health conditions.
退伍军人通常有许多身心健康问题，并且在干预和管理方面面临独特的挑战。饮食干预可以改善许多健康状况的结果。本研究旨在评估针对退伍军人进行饮食干预的健康状况范围，以及这些干预措施对改善退伍军人健康相关结果的有效性。按照 PRISMA 指南进行了系统的文献回顾，以确定和评估与退伍军人和饮食干预相关的研究。共搜索了五个电子数据库，确定了 2669 篇参考文献。经过筛选，评估了 35 项研究，其中 18 项与美国国家退伍军人减肥计划有关。对纳入的研究进行了批判性评价，并对研究结果进行了叙述性综合。研究设计范围从随机对照试验到队列研究，主要基于美国。干预持续时间从一个月到 24 个月不等。研究对象的平均年龄从 39.0 岁到 69.7 岁不等，参与者通常主要是男性，平均体重指数从 26.4 到 42.9kg/m 不等。退伍军人的大多数饮食干预措施都是针对超重/肥胖或慢性病患者实施的，涉及单一的饮食干预或整体生活方式干预的饮食成分。最常见的主要关注的结果是体重减轻。饮食干预的成功率通常是中等的，障碍包括依从性差、心理健康状况和较高的退出率。本综述的结果表明，需要进一步改进针对慢性健康状况退伍军人的饮食和生活方式干预措施。
