Center for Health and Community Impact, Division of Kinesiology, Health & Sport Studies, College of Education, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
Center for Urban Studies, College of Liberal Arts and Science, Urban Health, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
Nutrients. 2022 May 20;14(10):2130. doi: 10.3390/nu14102130.
A collaborative partnership launched the Great Grocer Project (GGP) in March 2021 in Detroit, Michigan where health inequities, including deaths due to COVID-19, have historically been politically determined and informed by socially entrenched norms. Institutional and structural racism has contributed to a lack of diversity in store ownership among Detroit grocers and limited access to high-quality, affordable healthy foods as well as disparate food insecurity among Detroit residents. The GGP seeks to promote Detroit's healthy grocers to improve community health and economic vitality through research, programs, and policies that have the potential to advance health equity. A cross-sectional design was used to explore relationships between scores from the Nutrition Environment Measures Surveys-Stores (NEMS-S) in 62 stores and city-level data of COVID-19 cases and deaths as well as calls to 211 for food assistance. Regression and predictive analyses were conducted at the ZIP code level throughout the city to determine a relationship between the community food environment and food insecurity on COVID-19 cases and deaths. COVID-19 cases and deaths contributed to greater food insecurity. The use of ZIP code data and the small sample size were limitations within this study. Causation could not be determined in this study; therefore, further analyses should explore the potential effects of individual grocery stores on COVID-related outcomes since a cluster of high-scoring NEMS-S stores and calls to 211 for food security resources inferred a potential protective factor. Poor nutrition has been shown to be associated with increased hospitalizations and deaths due to COVID-19. It is important to understand if a limited food environment can also have a negative effect on COVID-19 rates and deaths. Lessons learned from Detroit could have implications for other communities in using food environment improvements to prevent an uptick in food insecurity and deaths due to COVID-19 and other coronaviruses.
一个合作夥伴关系于 2021 年 3 月在密歇根州底特律发起了“伟大杂货商项目”（GGP），在那里，健康不平等现象，包括因 COVID-19 导致的死亡，历来都是由政治决定的，并受到社会根深蒂固的规范的影响。制度和结构性种族主义导致底特律杂货商的所有权缺乏多样性，限制了人们获得高质量、负担得起的健康食品的机会，以及底特律居民之间存在明显的粮食不安全问题。GGP 旨在通过研究、计划和政策来促进底特律的健康杂货商，以改善社区健康和经济活力，这些研究、计划和政策有可能促进健康公平。本研究采用横断面设计，探讨了 62 家商店的营养环境测量调查-商店（NEMS-S）得分与城市级 COVID-19 病例和死亡数据以及向 211 求助食品援助电话之间的关系。在整个城市的邮政编码一级进行回归和预测分析，以确定社区食品环境与 COVID-19 病例和死亡之间的粮食不安全关系。COVID-19 病例和死亡导致了更大的粮食不安全。本研究的局限性在于使用邮政编码数据和样本量小。在本研究中，不能确定因果关系；因此，进一步的分析应该探讨个别杂货店对 COVID 相关结果的潜在影响，因为高 NEMS-S 商店和向 211 求助食品安全资源的邮政编码集群推断出一个潜在的保护因素。已有研究表明，营养不良与 COVID-19 住院和死亡增加有关。重要的是要了解有限的食品环境是否也会对 COVID-19 发病率和死亡率产生负面影响。从底特律吸取的经验教训可能对其他社区利用改善食品环境来防止因 COVID-19 和其他冠状病毒而导致的粮食不安全和死亡人数增加产生影响。
