Schepetkin Igor A, Özek Gulmira, Özek Temel, Kirpotina Liliya N, Khlebnikov Andrei I, Klein Robyn A, Quinn Mark T
Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA.
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskisehir 26470, Turkey.
Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2022 May 23;15(5):642. doi: 10.3390/ph15050642.
Despite their reported therapeutic properties, not much is known about the immunomodulatory activity of essential oils present in species. We isolated essential oils from the flowers and leaves of five species: , , , , and . The chemical composition of the essential oil samples had similarities and differences as compared to those previously reported in the literature. The main components of essential oils obtained from , , , and were camphor (23.0-51.3%), 1,8-cineole (5.7-30.0%), camphene (1.6-7.7%), borneol (2.3-14.6%), artemisiole (1.2-7.5%), terpinen-4-ol (2.0-6.9%), α-pinene (0.8-3.9%), and santolinatriene (0.7-3.5%). Essential oils from were enriched in methyl chavicol (38.8-42.9%), methyl eugenol (26.1-26.4%), terpinolene (5.5-8.8%), (/)-β-ocimene (7.3-16.0%), β-phellandrene (1.3-2.2%), -cymen-8-ol (0.9-2.3%), and xanthoxylin (1.2-2.2%). A comparison across species also demonstrated that some compounds were present in only one species. Although essential oils were weak activators of human neutrophils, they were relatively more potent in inhibiting subsequent neutrophil Ca mobilization with -formyl peptide receptor 1 (FPR1) agonist MLF- and FPR2 agonist WKYMVM, with the most potent being essential oils from . Further analysis of unique compounds found in showed that farnesene, a compound with a similar hydrocarbon structure as lipoxin A, inhibited Ca influx induced in human neutrophils by MLF (IC = 1.2 μM), WKYMVM (IC = 1.4 μM), or interleukin 8 (IC = 2.6 μM). Pretreatment with essential oils and farnesene also inhibited human neutrophil chemotaxis induced by MLF, suggesting these treatments down-regulated human neutrophil responses to inflammatory chemoattractants. Thus, our studies have identified farnesene as a potential anti-inflammatory modulator of human neutrophils.
尽管有报道称某些物种中的精油具有治疗特性，但对其免疫调节活性却知之甚少。我们从五种物种的花和叶中分离出了精油：[物种1]、[物种2]、[物种3]、[物种4]和[物种5]。与文献中先前报道的精油样品的化学成分相比，这些精油样品既有相似之处，也有不同之处。从[物种1]、[物种2]、[物种3]和[物种4]中获得的精油的主要成分是樟脑（23.0 - 51.3%）、1,8 - 桉叶素（5.7 - 30.0%）、莰烯（1.6 - 7.7%）、冰片（2.3 - 14.6%）、青蒿素（1.2 - 7.5%）、萜品 - 4 - 醇（2.0 - 6.9%）、α - 蒎烯（0.8 - 3.9%）和檀香三烯（0.7 - 3.5%）。[物种5]的精油富含甲基丁香酚（38.8 - 42.9%）、甲基丁香酚（26.1 - 26.4%）、萜品油烯（5.5 - 8.8%）、（/） - β - 罗勒烯（7.3 - 16.0%）、β - 水芹烯（1.3 - 2.2%）、对 - 伞花烃 - 8 - 醇（0.9 - 2.3%）和花椒毒素（1.2 - 2.2%）。跨物种比较还表明，某些化合物仅存在于一种物种中。尽管这些精油是人类中性粒细胞的弱激活剂，但它们在用甲酰甲硫氨酸 - 亮氨酸 - 苯丙氨酸受体1（FPR1）激动剂MLF - 和FPR2激动剂WKYMVM抑制随后的中性粒细胞钙动员方面相对更有效，其中最有效的是[物种4]的精油。对[物种4]中发现的独特化合物的进一步分析表明，法尼烯，一种与脂氧素A具有相似烃结构的化合物，可抑制MLF（IC = 1.2 μM）、WKYMVM（IC = 1.4 μM）或白细胞介素8（IC = 2.6 μM）诱导的人类中性粒细胞中的钙内流。用[物种4]的精油和法尼烯预处理也抑制了MLF诱导 的人类中性粒细胞趋化性，表明这些处理下调了人类中性粒细胞对炎症趋化因子的反应。因此，我们的研究已确定法尼烯是人类中性粒细胞的一种潜在抗炎调节剂。
