Duan Lingrui, Wang Ying, Dong Haoyu, Song Congying, Zheng Jinping, Li Jing, Li Mufan, Wang Jiayu, Yang Jianzhou, Xu Junjie
School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 032000, China.
Department of Endocrinology, Heping Hospital, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi 046000, China.
Vaccines (Basel). 2022 Apr 22;10(5):659. doi: 10.3390/vaccines10050659.
The population with diabetes is more susceptible to severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2, and have a significantly higher coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) mortality rate. Previous studies have shown low willingness for the COVID-19 vaccination, and there are limited reports on the behavior and relevance of the COVID-19 vaccination. This study aimed to determine the uptake behavior and associated factors of the COVID-19 vaccine. In our cross-sectional questionnaire-based clinical study, 645 diabetes patients affiliated with two affiliated hospitals of Changzhi Medical College completed the questionnaire between June to October 2021. The health belief model (HBM) was used in examining factors influencing vaccination behavior. After adjusting for covariates with significant differences in social background characteristics, a multivariable logistic regression was used to determine predictors related to uptake in COVID-19 vaccination. A total of 162 vaccinated and 483 unvaccinated eligible diabetic patients were recruited. Patients who believed that the COVID-19 syndrome is severe (aOR3.67, 95%CI 1.88−7.17; p < 0.001), believe that vaccination can significantly reduce the risk of SARS-Cov-2 infection (aOR3.48, 95%CI 1.80−6.73; p < 0.001), believe that vaccination is beneficial to themselves and others (aOR 4.53, 95%CI 1.71−11.99; p = 0.002), think that relatives’ vaccination status has a positive impact on their vaccination behavior (aOR 5.68, 95%CI 2.83−11.39; p < 0.001), and were more likely to be vaccinated; worrying about the adverse health effects of COVID-19 vaccination (aOR 0.18, 95%CI 0.09−0.35; p < 0.001) was negatively correlated with COVID-19 vaccination behavior. Health care workers should provide targeted informative interventions based on the safety and protective effects theory of HBM to improve vaccination behavior in patients with diabetes.
糖尿病患者更容易感染严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2），且2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）死亡率显著更高。既往研究显示，COVID-19疫苗接种意愿较低，关于COVID-19疫苗接种行为及相关性的报道有限。本研究旨在确定COVID-19疫苗的接种行为及相关因素。在我们基于问卷调查的横断面临床研究中，长治医学院两所附属医院的645例糖尿病患者于2021年6月至10月完成了问卷。健康信念模型（HBM）用于检验影响疫苗接种行为的因素。在对社会背景特征存在显著差异的协变量进行调整后，采用多变量逻辑回归确定与COVID-19疫苗接种相关的预测因素。共招募了162例已接种和483例未接种的符合条件的糖尿病患者。认为COVID-19综合征严重的患者（调整优势比[aOR]3.67，95%置信区间[CI]1.88−7.17；p<0.001）、认为接种疫苗可显著降低SARS-CoV-2感染风险的患者（aOR3.48，95%CI 1.80−6.73；p<0.001）、认为接种疫苗对自己和他人有益的患者（aOR 4.53，95%CI 1.71−11.99；p = 0.002）、认为亲属的疫苗接种状况对其疫苗接种行为有积极影响的患者（aOR 5.68，95%CI 2.83−11.39；p<0.001），更有可能接种疫苗；担心COVID-19疫苗接种对健康有不良影响（aOR 0.18，95%CI 0.09−0.35；p<0.001）与COVID-19疫苗接种行为呈负相关。医护人员应基于HBM的安全性和保护作用理论提供有针对性的信息干预措施，以改善糖尿病患者的疫苗接种行为。
