医学教育对医学生用药及自我药疗的影响：一项来自喀布尔的横断面研究
Influence of Medical Education on Medicine Use and Self-Medication Among Medical Students: A Cross-Sectional Study from Kabul.
作者信息
Daanish Ahmad Farid, Mushkani Ershad Ahmad
机构信息
Department of Pharmacology, Kabul University of Medical Sciences, Kabul, Afghanistan.
出版信息
Drug Healthc Patient Saf. 2022 May 23;14:79-85. doi: 10.2147/DHPS.S360072. eCollection 2022.
OBJECTIVE
To compare the prevalence of self-medication among first- and fifth-year medical students at Kabul University of Medical Sciences.
METHODS
A cross-sectional study was conducted with the participation of all first- and fifth-year medical students by using a short, self-administered questionnaire. The prevalence of self-medication was estimated in the entire study population and also in those who had used medicines in the preceding one week.
RESULTS
Of the total 302 students, the prevalence of medicine use was 38%. The prevalence of self-medication in all study population was 25.16%, whereas in those who had used medicines was 64.9%. Prescription-only medicines consisted of 59.2% of self-medication. The practice of self-medication and the use of prescription-only medicines were more prevalent among students in their fifth year and among males. While the prevalence of medicine use was the same among males and females, it differed between students in the fifth and first year. Paracetamol, anti-infectives, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) were more frequently used medicines.
CONCLUSION
The use of medicines, self-medication and the use of prescription-only medicines were more prevalent among fifth-year students compared to those in the first-year. This apparently reflects the effect of medical education and training. More specific studies are required to address the issue in more detail and to facilitate interventions. The estimation of the prevalence of self-medication by using a short acceptable recall period, confined in those who had used medicines, seems to be more reasonable and accurate than by using a longer recall period in the entire study population. The prevalence of prescription-only medicines in self-medication could also be a useful indicator.
目的
比较喀布尔医科大学一年级和五年级医学生的自我药疗患病率。
方法
采用简短的自填式问卷，对所有一年级和五年级医学生进行横断面研究。估计整个研究人群以及前一周内使用过药物的人群的自我药疗患病率。
结果
在总共302名学生中，用药患病率为38%。所有研究人群中的自我药疗患病率为25.16%，而在使用过药物的人群中为64.9%。仅凭处方使用的药物占自我药疗药物的59.2%。自我药疗行为以及仅凭处方使用药物的情况在五年级学生和男性中更为普遍。虽然用药患病率在男性和女性中相同，但在五年级和一年级学生之间存在差异。对乙酰氨基酚、抗感染药和非甾体抗炎药是使用更频繁的药物。
结论
与一年级学生相比，五年级学生使用药物、自我药疗以及仅凭处方使用药物的情况更为普遍。这显然反映了医学教育和培训的影响。需要进行更具体的研究以更详细地解决该问题并促进干预措施。通过使用较短的可接受回忆期，仅针对使用过药物的人群来估计自我药疗患病率，似乎比在整个研究人群中使用较长回忆期更为合理和准确。自我药疗中仅凭处方使用药物的患病率也可能是一个有用的指标。
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