Patel Jenil R, Amick Benjamin C, Vyas Keyur S, Bircan Emine, Boothe Danielle, Nembhard Wendy N
Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) School of Public Health, Dallas, TX, USA.
Department of Epidemiology, Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.
Prev Med Rep. 2022 Aug;28:101840. doi: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2022.101840. Epub 2022 May 24.
Few reports have suggested that non-Hispanic (NH) blacks may present with different symptoms for COVID-19 than NH-whites. The objective of this study was to investigate patterns in symptomatology and COVID-19 outcomes by race/ethnicity among adults in Arkansas. Data on COVID-19 symptoms were collected on day of testing, 7th and 14th day among participants at UAMS mobile testing units throughout the state of Arkansas. Diagnosis for SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed via nasopharyngeal swab and RT-PCR methods. Data analysis was conducted using Chi-square test and Poisson regression to assess the differences in characteristics by race/ethnicity. A total of 60,648 individuals were RT-PCR tested from March 29, 2020 through October 7, 2020. Among adults testing positive, except shortness of breath, Hispanics were more likely to report all symptoms than NH-whites or NH-blacks. NH-whites were more likely to report fever (19.6% vs. 16.6%), cough (27.5% vs. 26.1%), shortness of breath (13.6% vs. 9.6%), sore throat (16.7% vs. 10.7%), chills (12.5% vs. 11.8%), muscle pain (15.6% vs. 12.4%), and headache (20.3% vs. 17.8%). NH-blacks were more likely to report loss of taste/smell (10.9% vs. 10.6%). To conclude, we found differences in COVID-19 symptoms by race/ethnicity, with NH-blacks and Hispanics more often affected with specific or all symptoms, compared to NH-whites. Due to the cross-sectional study design, these findings do not necessarily reflect biological differences by race/ethnicity; however, they suggest that certain race/ethnicities may have underlying differences in health status that impact COVID-19 outcomes.
少数报告表明，非西班牙裔黑人感染新冠病毒时的症状可能与非西班牙裔白人不同。本研究的目的是调查阿肯色州成年人中按种族/民族划分的症状模式和新冠病毒感染结果。在整个阿肯色州的阿肯色大学医学科学分校移动检测点，收集了参与者检测当天、第7天和第14天的新冠病毒症状数据。通过鼻咽拭子和逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）方法确诊严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）感染。使用卡方检验和泊松回归进行数据分析，以评估不同种族/民族在特征上的差异。从2020年3月29日至2020年10月7日，共有60648人接受了RT-PCR检测。在检测呈阳性的成年人中，除了呼吸急促外，西班牙裔比非西班牙裔白人和非西班牙裔黑人更有可能报告所有症状。非西班牙裔白人更有可能报告发烧（19.6%对16.6%）、咳嗽（27.5%对26.1%）、呼吸急促（13.6%对9.6%）、喉咙痛（16.7%对10.7%）、寒战（12.5%对11.8%）、肌肉疼痛（15.6%对12.4%）和头痛（20.3%对17.8%）。非西班牙裔黑人更有可能报告味觉/嗅觉丧失（10.9%对10.6%）。总之，我们发现新冠病毒症状存在种族/民族差异，与非西班牙裔白人相比，非西班牙裔黑人和西班牙裔更常出现特定症状或所有症状。由于本研究为横断面研究设计，这些发现不一定反映种族/民族之间的生物学差异；然而，它们表明某些种族/民族在健康状况上可能存在潜在差异，从而影响新冠病毒感染结果。
