College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of Ministry of Education, National Observation and Research Station of Agriculture Green Development (Quzhou, Hebei), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
Chemosphere. 2022 Sep;303(Pt 2):135115. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135115. Epub 2022 May 27.
Pesticides that have accumulated in arable soil could be easily transported by wind erosion, thereby potentially threating air quality and human health in surrounding areas. The risks this poses to farmers exposed to pesticide-associated dust is still unknown, especially in rural areas of China. In this study, we screened pesticide residues in dust (indoor and outdoor) collected from the homes and yards of pesticide sprayers (21 participants) and farm workers (14 participants) living in Quzhou County located in the North China Plain to assess health risks by exposed to pesticide-contaminated dust. The results showed that multiple pesticide residues were detected in the dust samples and more than 90% of the samples contained over 10 pesticide residues. The maximum detected number of residues was 23, out of the 25 pesticides currently used in the farming area. There was a wide range of pesticide concentrations with the geometric mean values measuring between 0.03 and 0.86 mg kg. More residues and higher concentrations of pesticides were detected in indoor dust compared to outdoor dust. Over the monitoring period, the pesticide application has not caused significant pesticide accumulation in dust. The measured concentrations of carbendazim, dimethomorph, dimethomorph and pendimethalin paired indoor-outdoor dust samples were significantly correlated (p < 0.05). The health risks were assessed using the hazard index (HI) and highest HI was found for children under indoor exposure (HI = 0.82). In addition, based on the survey and statistics, pesticide preparation in the home was significantly correlated with the pesticide indoor exposure level. Therefore, farmers should take measures, such as preparing pesticides outside of the house or in the open fields with protection, in order to avoid the exposure risk of pesticides associated with dust.
在耕地中积累的农药很容易被风蚀所携带，从而可能威胁到周围地区的空气质量和人类健康。在中国农村地区，接触与农药有关的灰尘的农民所面临的风险尚不清楚。在这项研究中，我们对居住在中国华北平原曲周县的农药喷雾器使用者（21 人）和农场工人（14 人）家中和院子内采集的灰尘（室内和室外）中的农药残留进行了筛选，以评估接触受农药污染灰尘的健康风险。结果表明，灰尘样本中检测到多种农药残留，超过 90%的样本中含有超过 10 种农药残留。在 25 种目前在该地区使用的农药中，检测到的最大残留数为 23 种。农药浓度范围很广，几何平均值在 0.03 和 0.86 mg kg 之间。室内灰尘中的残留数量和农药浓度均高于室外灰尘。在监测期间，农药的使用并没有导致灰尘中农药的显著积累。所测量的多菌灵、代森锰锌、烯酰吗啉和二甲戊灵的室内-室外灰尘样本的浓度呈显著相关（p < 0.05）。健康风险采用危害指数（HI）进行评估，室内暴露时儿童的 HI 值最高（HI = 0.82）。此外，根据调查和统计，家庭中农药的制备与农药室内暴露水平显著相关。因此，农民应该采取措施，如在屋外或在开阔的田地中进行防护，以避免与灰尘有关的农药接触风险。
