Royal Australian Army Medical CORPS, Australian Army, Australian Defence Force, Australia.
Sport and Exercise Science, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia.
Mil Med. 2023 May 16;188(5-6):969-977. doi: 10.1093/milmed/usac144.
Military personnel are required to undertake rigorous physical training to meet the unique demands of combat, often leading to high levels of physiological stress. Inappropriate recovery periods with these high levels of physical stress may result in sub-optimal training and increased risk of injury in military personnel. However, no reviews have attempted to examine the magnitude of training-induced stress following military training activities. The aim of this systematic review was to assess the magnitude of physiological stress (physical, hormonal, and immunological) following task-specific training activities in military personnel.
An extensive literature search was conducted within CINAHL, PubMed, Scopus, SportDiscus, and Web of Science databases with 7,220 records extracted and a total of 14 studies eligible for inclusion and evaluation. Study appraisal was conducted using the Kmet scale. Meta-analysis was conducted via forest plots, with standard mean difference (SMD, effect size) and inter-trial heterogeneity (I2) calculated between before (preactivity) and after (12-96 hours postactivity) military-specific activities for biomarkers of physiological stress (muscle damage, inflammation, and hormonal) and physical performance (muscular strength and power).
Military training activities resulted in significant levels of muscle damage (SMD = -1.28; P = .003) and significant impairments in strength and power (SMD = 0.91; P = .008) and testosterone levels (SMD = 1.48; P = .05) up to 96 hours postactivity. There were no significant differences in inflammation (SMD = -0.70; P = .11), cortisol (SMD = -0.18; P = .81), or insulin-like growth factor 1 (SMD = 0.65; P = .07) when compared to preactivity measures.
These findings indicate that assessments of muscle damage, anabolic hormones like testosterone, strength, and power are effective for determining the level of acute stress following military-specific activities. With regular monitoring of these measures, appropriate recovery periods may be implemented to optimize training adaptations and occupational performance, with minimal adverse training responses in military personnel.
军人需要进行严格的体能训练，以满足战斗的特殊要求，这往往会导致高强度的生理压力。在高强度的身体压力下，如果恢复期不当，可能会导致军事人员的训练效果不佳，受伤风险增加。然而，目前尚无研究试图评估军事训练活动后的训练应激程度。本系统综述旨在评估军事人员特定任务训练活动后生理应激（身体、激素和免疫）的程度。
在 CINAHL、PubMed、Scopus、SportDiscus 和 Web of Science 数据库中进行了广泛的文献检索，共提取了 7220 条记录，共有 14 项研究符合纳入和评估标准。使用 Kmet 量表进行研究评估。通过森林图进行荟萃分析，计算生理应激（肌肉损伤、炎症和激素）和身体表现（肌肉力量和功率）的生物标志物在军事特定活动前后（活动前[preactivity]和活动后[12-96 小时 postactivity]）的标准均值差（SMD，效应大小）和试验间异质性（I2）。
军事训练活动导致肌肉损伤水平显著升高（SMD=-1.28；P=.003），力量和功率明显下降（SMD=0.91；P=.008），睾丸激素水平在活动后 96 小时内升高（SMD=1.48；P=.05）。与活动前相比，炎症（SMD=-0.70；P=.11）、皮质醇（SMD=-0.18；P=.81）或胰岛素样生长因子 1（SMD=0.65；P=.07）无显著差异。
这些发现表明，肌肉损伤、睾丸激素等合成代谢激素、力量和功率的评估可有效确定军事特定活动后的急性应激程度。通过对这些措施的定期监测，可以实施适当的恢复期，以优化训练适应和职业表现，同时最大限度地减少军事人员的不良训练反应。
