Department of Radiation Disaster Medicine, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan.
Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan.
J Radiat Res. 2022 Jul 19;63(4):615-619. doi: 10.1093/jrr/rrac026.
When responding to disasters, emergency preparedness is essential to ensure that disaster activities are performed smoothly, safely and efficiently. Investigations on the Fukushima accident revealed that lack of preparedness, poor communication and unsuitable emergency measures contributed to an inadequate emergency response to the nuclear disaster. In this study, we conducted a questionnaire survey on the establishment of a personal radiation exposure dose among Disaster Medical Assistance Team (DMAT) members in Japan who might be involved in the initial response to a nuclear disaster. Establishing personal exposure doses for personnel can encourage emergency preparedness and inform decisions on appropriate role assignments during nuclear response activities. Valid responses were obtained from 178 participants, and the response distribution was as follows: 'Already have own acceptable dose standard,' 16 (9%); 'Follow own institution's standard (and know its value),' 30 (17%); 'Follow own institution's standard (but do not know its value),' 59 (33%); 'Haven't decided,' 63 (35%) and 'Don't understand question meaning,' 10 (6%). We also assessed intention to engage in nuclear disaster activities among respondents via engagement intent scores (EIS) and found that participants who had established personal exposure standards had significantly higher EIS scores than those who had not decided or who did not understand the question. Thus, educating potential nuclear disaster responders on personal exposure doses may contribute to a higher intention to engage in emergency responses and improve preparedness and response efficiency.
在应对灾害时，应急准备至关重要，以确保灾害活动顺利、安全、高效地进行。对福岛事故的调查显示，缺乏准备、沟通不畅和应急措施不当是导致核灾难应急反应不足的原因。在这项研究中，我们对日本灾害医疗救援队（DMAT）成员建立个人辐射暴露剂量进行了问卷调查，这些成员可能参与核灾难的初步响应。为人员建立个人暴露剂量可以鼓励应急准备，并为核响应活动中的适当角色分配做出决策提供信息。有效回复来自 178 名参与者，回复分布如下：“已经有自己可接受的剂量标准”，16 人（9%）；“遵循自己机构的标准（并知道其价值）”，30 人（17%）；“遵循自己机构的标准（但不知道其价值）”，59 人（33%）；“尚未决定”，63 人（35%）；“不理解问题的含义”，10 人（6%）。我们还通过参与意向得分（EIS）评估了受访者参与核灾难活动的意愿，并发现已经建立个人暴露标准的参与者的 EIS 得分明显高于尚未决定或不理解问题的参与者。因此，对潜在的核灾难应对人员进行个人暴露剂量教育可能有助于提高参与应急响应的意愿，并提高准备和响应效率。
