Lin Xiao-Long, Liu Zheng, Yan Li-Ping, Duan Xin, Bu Wen-Jun, Wang Xin-Hua, Zheng Chen-Guang
College of Life Sciences Nankai University Tianjin China.
Geological Museum of China Beijing China.
Ecol Evol. 2022 May 24;12(5):e8957. doi: 10.1002/ece3.8957. eCollection 2022 May.
Mitogenomes have been widely used for phylogenetic reconstruction of various Dipteran groups, but specifically for chironomid, they have not been carried out to resolve the relationships. Diamesinae (Diptera: Chironomidae) are important bioindicators for freshwater ecosystem monitoring, but its evolutionary history remains uncertain for lack of information. Here, coupled with one previously published and 30 new mitogenomes of Diamesinae, we carried out comparative mitogenomic analysis and phylogenetic analysis. Mitogenomes of Diamesinae were conserved in structure, and all genes arranged in the same order as the ancestral insect mitogenome. All protein-coding genes in Diamesinae were under stronger purifying selection than those of other nonbiting midge species, which may exhibit signs of adaptation to life at cold living conditions. Phylogenetic analyses strongly supported the monophyly of Diamesinae, with Boreheptagyiini deeply nested within Diamesini. In addition, phylogenetic relationship of selected six genera was resolved, except remained unstable. Our study revealed that the mitogenomes of Diamesinae are highly conserved, and they are practically useful for phylogenetic inference.
线粒体基因组已被广泛用于各种双翅目类群的系统发育重建，但具体针对摇蚊科，尚未开展相关研究以解析其亲缘关系。直突摇蚊亚科（双翅目：摇蚊科）是淡水生态系统监测的重要生物指示物种，但其进化历史因信息匮乏仍不明确。在此，结合此前已发表的1个及新测定的30个直突摇蚊亚科线粒体基因组，我们开展了线粒体基因组比较分析和系统发育分析。直突摇蚊亚科的线粒体基因组结构保守，所有基因的排列顺序与昆虫祖先线粒体基因组相同。直突摇蚊亚科所有蛋白质编码基因受到的纯化选择比其他非吸血蠓物种更强，这可能显示出适应寒冷生存条件的迹象。系统发育分析有力支持了直突摇蚊亚科的单系性，其中北方七突摇蚊族深深嵌套在直突摇蚊族内。此外，选定的六个属的系统发育关系得以解析，只有 属的关系仍不稳定。我们的研究表明，直突摇蚊亚科的线粒体基因组高度保守，并在系统发育推断中具有实际应用价值。
