Milusev Anastasia, Rieben Robert, Sorvillo Nicoletta
Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences (GCB), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Front Cardiovasc Med. 2022 May 13;9:897087. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.897087. eCollection 2022.
The physiological, anti-inflammatory, and anti-coagulant properties of endothelial cells (ECs) rely on a complex carbohydrate-rich layer covering the luminal surface of ECs, called the glycocalyx. In a range of cardiovascular disorders, glycocalyx shedding causes endothelial dysfunction and inflammation, underscoring the importance of glycocalyx preservation to avoid disease initiation and progression. In this review we discuss the physiological functions of the glycocalyx with particular focus on how loss of endothelial glycocalyx integrity is linked to cardiovascular risk factors, like hypertension, aging, diabetes and obesity, and contributes to the development of thrombo-inflammatory conditions. Finally, we consider the role of glycocalyx components in regulating inflammatory responses and discuss possible therapeutic interventions aiming at preserving or restoring the endothelial glycocalyx and therefore protecting against cardiovascular disease.
内皮细胞（ECs）的生理、抗炎和抗凝血特性依赖于覆盖在内皮细胞腔表面的一层富含碳水化合物的复杂层，称为糖萼。在一系列心血管疾病中，糖萼脱落会导致内皮功能障碍和炎症，这凸显了保护糖萼对避免疾病发生和发展的重要性。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了糖萼的生理功能，特别关注内皮糖萼完整性的丧失如何与高血压、衰老、糖尿病和肥胖等心血管危险因素相关联，并导致血栓炎症性疾病的发展。最后，我们考虑糖萼成分在调节炎症反应中的作用，并讨论旨在保护或恢复内皮糖萼从而预防心血管疾病的可能治疗干预措施。
