Facultad de Medicina, Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile.
Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
J Immunol Res. 2022 May 19;2022:6274265. doi: 10.1155/2022/6274265. eCollection 2022.
The microbiome corresponds to the genetic component of microorganisms (archaea, bacteria, phages, viruses, fungi, and protozoa) that coexist with an individual. During the last two decades, research on this topic has become massive demonstrating that in both homeostasis and disease, the microbiome plays an important role, and in some cases, a decisive one. To date, microbiota have been identified at different body locations, such as the eyes, lung, gastrointestinal and genitourinary tracts, and skin, and technological advances have permitted the taxonomic characterization of resident species and their metabolites, in addition to the cellular and molecular components of the host that maintain a crosstalk with local microorganisms. Here, we summarize recent studies regarding microbiota residing in different zones of the body and their relationship with the immune system. We emphasize the immune components underlying pathological conditions and how they interact with local (and distant) microbiota.
微生物组对应于与个体共存的微生物（古菌、细菌、噬菌体、病毒、真菌和原生动物）的遗传成分。在过去的二十年中，对这个主题的研究已经变得非常庞大，证明了在稳态和疾病中，微生物组都发挥着重要作用，在某些情况下，甚至起着决定性的作用。迄今为止，已经在不同的身体部位（如眼睛、肺、胃肠道和泌尿生殖道以及皮肤）识别出了微生物群，并且技术进步还允许对驻留物种及其代谢物进行分类学表征，以及宿主的细胞和分子成分与局部微生物保持相互作用。在这里，我们总结了关于身体不同部位的微生物群及其与免疫系统关系的最新研究。我们强调了潜在的病理条件下的免疫成分以及它们与局部（和远处）微生物群的相互作用。
