Graf R, Heller H C, Sakaguchi S, Krishna S
Am J Physiol. 1987 Apr;252(4 Pt 2):R661-7. doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.1987.252.4.R661.
Animals were prepared with electrooculogram (EOG), cortical electroencephalogram (EEG), and electromyogram (EMG) electrodes and with spinal and/or hypothalamic thermodes. Experiments were run at a cold and a neutral ambient temperature (Ta) during the dark portion of a 24-h light-dark cycle. Metabolic rate, temperatures, EEG, EMG, and EOG were measured continuously for 4-h periods with hypothalamic or spinal temperature unmanipulated or warmed to the level measured during the light. The cold Ta increased metabolic rate over the neutral Ta, but did not influence total sleep time (TST) or rapid-eye-movement sleep (REM) as percent TST. At the cold Ta, spinal warming resulted in reduction in REM as a percent TST. Spinal warming frequently caused a fall in body temperature (Ta). A plot of REM as a percent TST vs. the fall in Tb, including data for all animals and all conditions, revealed a clear correlation between fall in Tb and reduction in REM. Hypothalamic warming had no influence on metabolic rate, Tb, or distributions of arousal states. Cold thermal stimuli caused by a fall in Tb can inhibit REM in birds as it can in mammals independently of thermoregulatory drive.
给动物植入眼电图（EOG）、皮层脑电图（EEG）和肌电图（EMG）电极以及脊髓和/或下丘脑温度传感器。实验在24小时明暗周期的黑暗时段于寒冷和中性环境温度（Ta）下进行。在下丘脑或脊髓温度未进行调控或升温至光照期间所测水平的情况下，连续4小时测量代谢率、温度、EEG、EMG和EOG。寒冷的Ta使代谢率高于中性Ta，但不影响总睡眠时间（TST）或快速眼动睡眠（REM）占TST的百分比。在寒冷的Ta下，脊髓升温导致REM占TST的百分比降低。脊髓升温经常导致体温（Tb）下降。绘制REM占TST的百分比与Tb下降的关系图，纳入所有动物和所有条件的数据，结果显示Tb下降与REM减少之间存在明显相关性。下丘脑升温对代谢率、Tb或觉醒状态分布没有影响。Tb下降引起的冷刺激可抑制鸟类的REM，就像在哺乳动物中一样，且与体温调节驱动力无关。
