Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Yunnan Herbal Laboratory, College of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, Yunnan, China; Department of Biosciences, Shifa Tameer-e-Milat University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Biomed Pharmacother. 2022 Jun;150:113041. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113041. Epub 2022 May 6.
Lung diseases including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), infections like influenza, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), asthma and pneumonia lung cancer (LC) are common causes of sickness and death worldwide due to their remoteness, cold and harsh climatic conditions, and inaccessible health care facilities.
Many drugs have already been proposed for the treatment of lung diseases. Few of them are in clinical trials and have the potential to cure infectious diseases. Plant extracts or herbal products have been extensively used as Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and Indian Ayurveda. Moreover, it has been involved in the inhibition of certain genes/protiens effects to promote regulation of signaling pathways. Natural remedies have been scientifically proven with remarkable bioactivities and are considered a cheap and safe source for lung disease.
This comprehensive review highlighted the literature about traditional plants and their metabolites with their applications for the treatment of lung diseases through experimental models in humans. Natural drugs information and mode of mechanism have been studied through the literature retrieved by Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, SciFinder, Scopus and Medline PubMed resources against lung diseases.
In vitro, in vivo and computational studies have been explained for natural metabolites derived from plants (like flavonoids, alkaloids, and terpenoids) against different types of lung diseases. Probiotics have also been biologically active therapeutics against cancer, anti-inflammation, antiplatelet, antiviral, and antioxidants associated with lung diseases.
The results of the mentioned natural metabolites repurposed for different lung diseases especially for SARS-CoV-2 should be evaluated more by advance computational applications, experimental models in the biological system, also need to be validated by clinical trials so that we may be able to retrieve potential drugs for most challenging lung diseases especially SARS-CoV-2.
包括慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）在内的肺部疾病、流感等感染、急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ARDS）、哮喘和肺癌（LC）是全球范围内导致疾病和死亡的常见原因，这是由于其偏远、寒冷和恶劣的气候条件以及难以获得的医疗保健设施所致。
已经有许多药物被提议用于治疗肺部疾病。其中少数处于临床试验阶段，有潜力治愈传染病。植物提取物或草药产品已被广泛用作中药（TCM）和印度阿育吠陀。此外，它还参与了抑制某些基因/蛋白质的作用，以促进信号通路的调节。天然药物已被科学证明具有显著的生物活性，被认为是治疗肺部疾病的廉价且安全的来源。
本综述重点介绍了有关传统植物及其代谢产物的文献，这些植物及其代谢产物通过人类实验模型应用于治疗肺部疾病。通过 Google Scholar、ScienceDirect、SciFinder、Scopus 和 Medline PubMed 资源检索文献，研究了天然药物信息和作用机制。
已经解释了来自植物的天然代谢产物（如类黄酮、生物碱和萜类化合物）针对不同类型肺部疾病的体外、体内和计算研究。益生菌也是与肺部疾病相关的癌症、抗炎、抗血小板、抗病毒和抗氧化剂的生物活性治疗剂。
应该通过先进的计算应用、生物系统中的实验模型更深入地评估用于不同肺部疾病的所述天然代谢产物，特别是针对 SARS-CoV-2 的代谢产物，还需要通过临床试验进行验证，以便我们能够为最具挑战性的肺部疾病（特别是 SARS-CoV-2）检索潜在药物。
