Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, 030032, China.
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, 56, Xinjian South Rd., Taiyuan, China.
Stem Cell Res Ther. 2022 Jun 3;13(1):230. doi: 10.1186/s13287-022-02912-1.
Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is a diffuse connective tissue disease characterized by the invasion of exocrine glands such as lacrimal and salivary glands, abnormal proliferation of T and B lymphocytes, and infiltration of tissue lymphocytes. With the development of modern medicine, although research on the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of pSS has made significant progress, its pathogenesis has not been fully understood. Meanwhile, in the era of individualized treatment, it remains essential to further explore early diagnosis and treatment methods. Exosomes, small vesicles containing proteins and nucleic acids, are a subtype of extracellular vesicles secreted by various cells and present in various body fluids. Exosomes contribute to a variety of biological functions, including intercellular signal transduction and pathophysiological processes, and may play a role in immune tolerance. Therefore, exosomes are key to understanding the pathogenesis of diseases. Exosomes can also be used as a therapeutic tool for pSS because of their biodegradability, low immunogenicity and toxicity, and the ability to bypass the blood-brain barrier, implying the prospect of a broad application in the context of pSS. Here, we systematically review the isolation, identification, tracing, and mode of action of extracellular vesicles, especially exosomes, as well as the research progress in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of pSS.
原发性干燥综合征（pSS）是一种弥漫性结缔组织病，其特征是外分泌腺（如泪腺和唾液腺）浸润、T 和 B 淋巴细胞异常增殖以及组织淋巴细胞浸润。随着现代医学的发展，尽管对 pSS 的发病机制、诊断和治疗的研究已经取得了重大进展，但它的发病机制尚未完全阐明。同时，在个体化治疗的时代，仍然需要进一步探索早期诊断和治疗方法。外泌体是由各种细胞分泌并存在于各种体液中的一种含有蛋白质和核酸的小囊泡，是细胞外囊泡的一个亚型。外泌体参与多种生物学功能，包括细胞间信号转导和病理生理过程，并可能在免疫耐受中发挥作用。因此，外泌体是理解疾病发病机制的关键。由于外泌体具有生物降解性、低免疫原性和低毒性以及能够绕过血脑屏障的特性，因此可以作为 pSS 的治疗工具，这意味着它们在 pSS 中的应用前景广阔。在这里，我们系统地综述了细胞外囊泡，特别是外泌体的分离、鉴定、示踪和作用模式，以及它们在 pSS 的发病机制、诊断和治疗方面的研究进展。
