Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, PO Box 165, Urmia, Iran.
Sci Rep. 2022 Jun 3;12(1):9263. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-13350-7.
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is one of the most destructive fungal pathogens infecting a wide array of plant species worldwide. Management of this pathogen relies on the coordinated use of fungicides and resistant host cultivars with other control measures, but the effectiveness of these methods requires knowledge of the genetic variability and structure of the fungal populations. To provide insight into the genetic diversity and structure of this pathogen in West Azarbaijan province of Iran, a total of 136 isolates were collected from symptomatic sunflower and cabbage plants within fields in three regions and analysed using inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers and intergenic spacer (IGS) region of the rRNA gene sequences. A total of 83 ISSR multilocus genotypes (MLGs) were identified, some of which were shared among at least two regional or host populations but in a low frequency. High genotypic diversity, low levels of clonal fraction, and random association of ISSR loci in a region indicated a low level of clonal reproduction, and possibly a high level of sexually recombining life cycle for the pathogen in the province. Marker analyses revealed that the pathogen was spatially homogeneous among fields, and thus similar control measures, such as the choice of resistant cultivars and fungicides, may effectively manage S. sclerotiorum within the region. Four IGS haplotypes (IGS1-IGS4) were detected within populations with IGS3 being the most prevalent haplotype. The low IGS haplotype diversity, the absence of spatial structure, and shared MLGs among populations may suggest a single introduction and subsequent dispersal of S. sclerotiorum within West Azarbaijan province.
核盘菌是一种广泛感染多种植物物种的最具破坏性的真菌病原体之一。这种病原体的管理依赖于杀菌剂和抗性宿主品种与其他控制措施的协调使用，但这些方法的有效性需要了解真菌种群的遗传变异性和结构。为了深入了解伊朗东阿塞拜疆省这种病原体的遗传多样性和结构，从三个地区的田间感病向日葵和白菜植株中采集了 136 个分离物，并用简单序列重复（ISSR）标记和 rRNA 基因序列的基因间 spacer（IGS）区进行了分析。共鉴定出 83 个 ISSR 多位点基因型（MLG），其中一些在至少两个地区或宿主群体中共享，但频率较低。高基因型多样性、低克隆分数和 ISSR 位点在区域内的随机关联表明，该病原体在该省的克隆繁殖水平较低，可能具有较高的有性重组生命周期。标记分析表明，病原体在田间空间均匀，因此在该地区可能可以有效地采取类似的控制措施，如选择抗性品种和杀菌剂。在种群中检测到四个 IGS 单倍型（IGS1-IGS4），其中 IGS3 是最常见的单倍型。低 IGS 单倍型多样性、不存在空间结构以及种群间共享的 MLG 可能表明核盘菌在东阿塞拜疆省的单次引入和随后的扩散。
