Ma Xueli, Dong Xu, Cai Jiabei, Fu Chunyan, Yang Jing, Liu Yuan, Zhang Yan, Wan Tian, Lin Shudan, Lou Yongliang, Zheng Meiqin
Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Wenzhou, China.
Front Microbiol. 2022 May 19;13:848167. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.848167. eCollection 2022.
The spread of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in hospital wastewater poses a great threat to public health, and wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) play an important role in reducing the levels of ARB and ARGs. In this study, high-throughput metagenomic sequencing was used to analyze the bacterial community composition and ARGs in two hospitals exposed to different antibiotic use conditions (an eye specialty hospital and a general hospital) before and after wastewater treatment. The results showed that there were various potential pathogenic bacteria in the hospital wastewater, and the abundance and diversity of the influent ARGs in the general hospital were higher than those in the eye hospital. The influent of the eye hospital was mainly composed of and , and (sulfonamide) was the most abundant ARG. The influent of the general hospital contained mainly and , and (tetracycline) was the most abundant ARG. Furthermore, co-occurrence network analysis showed that the main bacteria carrying ARGs in hospital wastewater varied with hospital type; the same bacteria in wastewater from different hospitals could carry different ARGs, and the same ARG could also be carried by different bacteria. The changes in the bacterial community and ARG abundance in the effluent from the two hospitals showed that the activated sludge treatment and the direct chlorination disinfection can effectively remove some bacteria and ARGs in wastewater but have limitations. The species diversity increased significantly after the activated sludge treatment, while the direct chlorination disinfection did not increase the diversity. The activated sludge treatment has a better effect on the elimination of ARGs than the direct chlorination disinfection. In summary, we investigated the differences in bacterial communities and ARGs in wastewater from two hospitals exposed to different antibiotic usage conditions, evaluated the effects of different wastewater treatment methods on the bacterial communities and ARGs in hospital wastewater, and recommended appropriate methods for certain clinical environments.
抗生素耐药菌（ARB）和抗生素耐药基因（ARG）在医院废水中的传播对公众健康构成了巨大威胁，而污水处理厂（WWTPs）在降低ARB和ARG水平方面发挥着重要作用。在本研究中，采用高通量宏基因组测序分析了两家处于不同抗生素使用条件下的医院（一家眼科专科医院和一家综合医院）污水处理前后的细菌群落组成和ARG。结果表明，医院废水中存在多种潜在病原菌，综合医院进水ARG的丰度和多样性高于眼科医院。眼科医院进水主要由[具体成分1]和[具体成分2]组成，[具体成分3]（磺胺类）是最丰富的ARG。综合医院进水主要含有[具体成分4]和[具体成分5]，[具体成分6]（四环素）是最丰富的ARG。此外，共现网络分析表明，医院废水中携带ARG的主要细菌因医院类型而异；不同医院废水中的相同细菌可能携带不同的ARG，同一ARG也可能由不同细菌携带。两家医院出水的细菌群落和ARG丰度变化表明，活性污泥处理和直接氯化消毒可有效去除废水中的一些细菌和ARG，但存在局限性。活性污泥处理后物种多样性显著增加，而直接氯化消毒未增加多样性。活性污泥处理对ARG的消除效果优于直接氯化消毒。总之，我们调查了两家处于不同抗生素使用条件下的医院废水中细菌群落和ARG的差异，评估了不同污水处理方法对医院废水中细菌群落和ARG的影响，并针对特定临床环境推荐了合适的方法。
