Parihar Ashok Kumar, Kumar Jitendra, Gupta Debjyoti Sen, Lamichaney Amrit, Naik Sj Satheesh, Singh Anil K, Dixit Girish P, Gupta Sanjeev, Toklu Faruk
Crop Improvement Division, ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research (ICAR-IIPR), Kanpur, India.
All India Coordinated Research Project on Chickpea, ICAR-IIPR, Kanpur, India.
Front Plant Sci. 2022 May 18;13:861191. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2022.861191. eCollection 2022.
Pea ( L.) is one of the most important and productive cool season pulse crops grown throughout the world. Biotic stresses are the crucial constraints in harnessing the potential productivity of pea and warrant dedicated research and developmental efforts to utilize omics resources and advanced breeding techniques to assist rapid and timely development of high-yielding multiple stress-tolerant-resistant varieties. Recently, the pea researcher's community has made notable achievements in conventional and molecular breeding to accelerate its genetic gain. Several quantitative trait loci (QTLs) or markers associated with genes controlling resistance for fusarium wilt, fusarium root rot, powdery mildew, ascochyta blight, rust, common root rot, broomrape, pea enation, and pea seed borne mosaic virus are available for the marker-assisted breeding. The advanced genomic tools such as the availability of comprehensive genetic maps and linked reliable DNA markers hold great promise toward the introgression of resistance genes from different sources to speed up the genetic gain in pea. This review provides a brief account of the achievements made in the recent past regarding genetic and genomic resources' development, inheritance of genes controlling various biotic stress responses and genes controlling pathogenesis in disease causing organisms, genes/QTLs mapping, and transcriptomic and proteomic advances. Moreover, the emerging new breeding approaches such as transgenics, genome editing, genomic selection, epigenetic breeding, and speed breeding hold great promise to transform pea breeding. Overall, the judicious amalgamation of conventional and modern omics-enabled breeding strategies will augment the genetic gain and could hasten the development of biotic stress-resistant cultivars to sustain pea production under changing climate. The present review encompasses at one platform the research accomplishment made so far in pea improvement with respect to major biotic stresses and the way forward to enhance pea productivity through advanced genomic tools and technologies.
豌豆（L.）是全球种植的最重要且产量最高的冷季豆类作物之一。生物胁迫是制约豌豆潜在生产力发挥的关键因素，需要开展专门的研究和开发工作，以利用组学资源和先进育种技术，助力快速及时地培育出高产且多抗耐多种胁迫的品种。最近，豌豆研究群体在常规育种和分子育种方面取得了显著成就，以加速其遗传增益。与控制镰刀菌枯萎病、镰刀菌根腐病、白粉病、褐斑病、锈病、普通根腐病、列当、豌豆耳突花叶病和豌豆种传花叶病毒抗性的基因相关的几个数量性状位点（QTL）或标记可用于标记辅助育种。先进的基因组工具，如全面遗传图谱的可用性和与之连锁的可靠DNA标记，对于将不同来源的抗性基因导入以加速豌豆的遗传增益具有巨大潜力。本综述简要介绍了近期在遗传和基因组资源开发、控制各种生物胁迫反应的基因遗传、致病生物中控制发病机制的基因、基因/QTL定位以及转录组学和蛋白质组学进展方面所取得的成就。此外，转基因、基因组编辑、基因组选择、表观遗传育种和快速育种等新兴的新育种方法有望变革豌豆育种。总体而言，将传统育种策略与现代组学支持的育种策略明智地结合起来，将增加遗传增益，并可能加速培育抗生物胁迫品种，以在气候变化的情况下维持豌豆生产。本综述在一个平台上涵盖了迄今为止在豌豆改良方面针对主要生物胁迫所取得的研究成果，以及通过先进的基因组工具和技术提高豌豆生产力的未来方向。
