Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046, Tamil Nadu, India.
Present address of the first author: Department of Biotechnology, RVS College of Arts and Science (Autonomous), Sulur, Coimbatore, 641402, Tamil Nadu, India.
Biol Trace Elem Res. 2023 Apr;201(4):2036-2057. doi: 10.1007/s12011-022-03300-9. Epub 2022 Jun 3.
Selenium (Se) is one of the essential micronutrients for performing vital body functions. This study aims at examining the influence of dietary supplementation of garlic clove-based green-synthesized selenium nanoparticles (GBGS-SeNPs, 48-87 nm) on carcass minerals and trace elements, and growth, biochemical, enzymological, and gene expression analyses in the freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii post larvae (PL). The 96 h LC of this GBGS-SeNPs to M. rosenbergii PL was 52.23 mg L. Five different artificial diets without supplementation of GBGS-SeNPs (control, 0.0 mg kg) and with supplementations of GBGS-SeNPs starting from 100 times lower than the LC value (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 mg kg) were prepared and fed to M. rosenbergii PL for 90 days. A dose-dependent accumulation of Se was observed in the carcass of experimental prawns. GBGS-SeNPs, up to 1.5 mg kg significantly influenced the absorption of other trace elements (Ca, Cu, and Fe) and mineral salts (K, Mg, Na, and Zn). GBGS-SeNPs-supplemented diets showed efficient food conversion ratio (FCR) of 1.32 g against 2.71 g, and therefore enhanced the survival rate (85.6% against 78.8% in control) and weight gain (WG) of 1.41 g against 0.46 g of control prawn. GBGS-SeNPs significantly elevated the activities of protease, amylase, and lipase, and the contents of total protein, essential amino acids (EAA), total carbohydrate, total lipid, monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), and ash. These indicate the growth promoting potential of GBGS-SeNPs in prawn. The insignificantly altered activities of glutamic oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), glutamic pyruvate transaminase (GPT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase, and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) up to 1.5 mg kg suggest its acceptability in prawn. Moreover, a respective down- and upregulated myostatin (MSTN) and crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (CHH) genes confirmed the influence of GBGS-SeNPs on the growth of prawn. In contrast, 2.0 mg kg GBGS-SeNPs supplementation starts to produce negative effects on prawn (FCR, 1.76 g; survival rate, 82.2%; WG, 0.84 g against respective values of 1.32 g, 85.6%; and 1.41 g observed in 1.5 mg kg of GBGS-SeNPs-supplemented diet fed prawn). This study recommends a maximum of 1.5 mg kg GBGS-SeNPs as dietary supplement to attain sustainable growth of M. rosenbergii. This was confirmed through polynomial and linear regression analyses.
硒（Se）是执行重要身体功能的必需微量元素之一。本研究旨在研究大蒜瓣基绿色合成硒纳米粒子（GBGS-SeNPs，48-87nm）饮食补充对淡水虾（Macrobrachium rosenbergii 幼体（PL）体矿物和微量元素、生长、生化、酶学和基因表达分析的影响。该 GBGS-SeNPs 对 M. rosenbergii PL 的 96 h LC 为 52.23mg L。制备了五种不含 GBGS-SeNPs 补充（对照，0.0mg kg）和从 LC 值低 100 倍开始补充 GBGS-SeNPs 的不同人工饲料（0.5、1.0、1.5 和 2.0mg kg），并将其喂给 M. rosenbergii PL 90 天。在实验虾的胴体中观察到硒的剂量依赖性积累。GBGS-SeNPs，最高 1.5mg kg 显著影响其他微量元素（Ca、Cu 和 Fe）和矿物盐（K、Mg、Na 和 Zn）的吸收。GBGS-SeNPs 补充饮食表现出高效的食物转化率（FCR）为 1.32g 对 2.71g，因此提高了存活率（对照为 78.8%，85.6%）和体重增加（对照为 0.46g，1.41g）。GBGS-SeNPs 显著提高了蛋白酶、淀粉酶和脂肪酶的活性，以及总蛋白、必需氨基酸（EAA）、总碳水化合物、总脂质、单不饱和脂肪酸（MUFA）、多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）和灰分的含量。这些表明 GBGS-SeNPs 在虾中的生长促进潜力。在高达 1.5mg kg 的谷氨酸草酰乙酸转氨酶（GOT）、谷氨酸丙酮酸转氨酶（GPT）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和过氧化氢酶的活性以及丙二醛（MDA）含量的变化不显著，表明其在虾中的可接受性。此外，肌肉生长抑制素（MSTN）和甲壳类动物高血糖激素（CHH）基因的表达下调和上调分别证实了 GBGS-SeNPs 对虾生长的影响。相比之下，2.0mg kg 的 GBGS-SeNPs 补充开始对虾产生负面影响（FCR，1.76g；存活率，82.2%；WG，分别为 0.84g，与 1.5mg kg 的 GBGS-SeNPs 补充饮食中观察到的 1.32g 和 1.41g）。本研究建议将最大量 1.5mg kg 的 GBGS-SeNPs 作为膳食补充剂，以实现 M. rosenbergii 的可持续生长。这通过多项式和线性回归分析得到了证实。
