Basedow Lukas A, Kuitunen-Paul Sören
MIND Foundation, Berlin, Germany.
Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Chemnitz, Chemnitz, Germany.
Drug Alcohol Rev. 2022 Sep;41(6):1391-1403. doi: 10.1111/dar.13480. Epub 2022 Jun 6.
Serotonergic psychedelics (SP) are psychoactive substances that produce unique sets of subjective effects, such as hallucinatory experiences. This systematic review is the first to summarise which motives for SP use have been assessed in medical, psychological, sociological and ethnological research across different types of SPs and across cultural backgrounds. Findings on use motives can be especially important in the context of harm reduction.
We searched academic databases (Medline, Web of Science and Embase) and included publications if they were peer-reviewed and written in English, German, Spanish or Dutch. We analysed which type of motives were reported, comparing motives from quantitative and qualitative reports, and investigating associations between motives and year of publication, specific SPs and specific participant populations.
Our search in November 2020 resulted in 30,257 unique articles of which 37 were included in the analysis. Across all studies, the most common motive for SP use was the desire to expand awareness (78% of included studies), followed by coping (67%) and enhancement (57%) motives. There were no statistically significant associations between reported motive and type of report (quantitative vs. qualitative), year of publication (range: 1967-2020), type of SP and participant population.
If SP-related harms are to be reduced, harm-reduction services could focus on providing non-pharmacological ways of fulfilling an expansion motive. Additionally, future studies should aim to assess specific motives for specific SPs.
SPs are most commonly used to expand (self-)knowledge, promote spiritual development or for curiosity, notably across different SP user populations including patients.
血清素能致幻剂（SP）是一类精神活性物质，会产生独特的主观效应，如幻觉体验。本系统综述首次总结了在医学、心理学、社会学和民族学研究中，针对不同类型的血清素能致幻剂以及不同文化背景下，使用血清素能致幻剂的动机有哪些已得到评估。在减少伤害的背景下，关于使用动机的研究结果可能尤为重要。
我们检索了学术数据库（Medline、科学网和Embase），纳入经过同行评审且以英语、德语、西班牙语或荷兰语撰写的出版物。我们分析了所报告的动机类型，比较了定量和定性报告中的动机，并研究了动机与出版年份、特定血清素能致幻剂以及特定参与者群体之间的关联。
我们在2020年11月进行的检索共得到30257篇独特文章，其中37篇被纳入分析。在所有研究中，使用血清素能致幻剂最常见的动机是渴望拓展意识（78%的纳入研究），其次是应对（67%）和增强（57%）动机。所报告的动机与报告类型（定量与定性）、出版年份（范围：1967 - 2020年）、血清素能致幻剂类型以及参与者群体之间均无统计学上的显著关联。
若要减少与血清素能致幻剂相关的危害，减少伤害服务可侧重于提供非药物方式来满足拓展动机。此外，未来研究应旨在评估特定血清素能致幻剂的特定动机。
血清素能致幻剂最常用于拓展（自我）认知、促进精神发展或出于好奇心，尤其是在包括患者在内的不同血清素能致幻剂使用者群体中。
