Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Department of Mechanical and Construction Engineering, University of Northumbria, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2022 Nov;29(51):77300-77310. doi: 10.1007/s11356-022-21214-w. Epub 2022 Jun 8.
UK plans to ban the sale of new diesel and petrol cars by 2030 to be replaced by electric vehicles (EVs). The question is, will the UK's electrical grid infrastructure ready for this change? This comparative study investigates the effect of UK green vehicles on the electrical grid and presents a new insight into improving their energy demand and carbon dioxide (CO) emissions to the electrical grid. The results show that even when there is a very high level of market penetration of EVs, the overall effect on annual energy consumption may seem minimal. On the contrary, the effect that EVs may have on the electrical grid is dependent on the time-of-day EVs are being charged. Therefore, this study concludes that measures need to be put in place to control charging times of EVs and this would help restrict the total daily electricity and electrical energy demands. The introduction of EVs reduces the overall CO emissions mainly because a proportion of petrol and diesel cars are replaced by EVs. However, CO emissions can only reduce up to a certain level and this reduction of CO will have less effect due to an increasing number of EVs in the electrical grid. To reduce CO emissions further, the electricity that relies on high-carbon fossil fuels in the electrical grid should be set at the minimum level.
英国计划在 2030 年前禁止销售新的柴油和汽油汽车，取而代之的是电动汽车（EV）。问题是，英国的电网基础设施是否为此做好了准备？本比较研究调查了英国绿色车辆对电网的影响，并提出了一种新的见解，即如何改善其对电网的能源需求和二氧化碳（CO）排放。结果表明，即使电动汽车的市场渗透率非常高，对年度能源消耗的总体影响可能看起来微不足道。相反，电动汽车对电网的影响取决于电动汽车充电的时间。因此，本研究得出结论，需要采取措施控制电动汽车的充电时间，这有助于限制每日总电量和电力需求。电动汽车的引入减少了整体 CO 排放，主要是因为一部分汽油和柴油汽车被电动汽车取代。然而，由于电网中电动汽车数量的增加，CO 排放只能减少到一定水平，因此 CO 减排的效果会降低。为了进一步减少 CO 排放，电网中依赖高碳排放化石燃料的电力应降至最低水平。
