Instituto de Investigaciones de Enfermedades Tropicales (IIET), Sede Regional Orán Universidad Nacional de Salta, Salta, Argentina.
Cátedra de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Salta, Argentina.
Parasit Vectors. 2022 Jun 8;15(1):197. doi: 10.1186/s13071-022-05284-w.
The WHO has established a control strategy for Strongyloides stercoralis in school-aged children as well as targets and to maintain control programs for Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura and hookworms. For an efficient development of control programs, it is necessary to know the target countries around the world, as well as the areas within each country where efforts should be focused. Therefore, maps that provide information on the areas at risk for soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections on a national and sub-national scale would allow for a better allocation of resources.
We used the ecological niche models MaxEnt and Kuenm R library to estimate the global distribution of S. stercoralis and hookworms. We used occurrence points of both species extracted from surveys of two literature reviews and from the Global Atlas of Helminth Infection database, together with 14 raster maps of environmental variables.
We obtained two raster maps with the presence probability of S. stercoralis and hookworm infections at a global level and then estimated the global population at risk to be 2.6 and 3.4 billion, respectively. The population at risk was also estimated at the country level using estimations for areas as small as 25 km. A relationship was found between the probability of the presence of S. stercoralis and its prevalence, and a raster map was generated. Annual precipitation, annual temperature, soil carbon content and land cover were the main associated environmental variables. The ecological niches of Strongyloides stercoralis and hookworms had an overlap of 68%.
Here we provide information that can be used for developing more efficient and integrated control strategies for S. stercoralis and hookworm infections. This information can be annexed to the study of other risk factors or even other diseases to assess the health status of a community. GRAPHICAL ABSTARCT.
世界卫生组织已经制定了针对学龄儿童的旋毛虫和蛔虫、鞭虫和钩虫的控制策略，以及目标和维持控制计划。为了制定更有效的控制计划，有必要了解全球的目标国家，以及每个国家内需要重点关注的地区。因此，提供有关国家和次国家一级土壤传播性蠕虫（STH）感染风险地区信息的地图将有助于更好地分配资源。
我们使用生态位模型 MaxEnt 和 Kuenm R 库来估计旋毛虫和钩虫的全球分布。我们使用从两项文献综述调查和全球寄生虫感染图集数据库中提取的这两种物种的出现点，以及 14 个环境变量栅格地图。
我们获得了两个全球水平上旋毛虫和钩虫感染存在概率的栅格地图，然后估计全球有 26 亿和 34 亿人面临感染风险。还使用 25 公里的小面积地区的估计值，对国家一级的风险人口进行了估计。发现旋毛虫存在的概率与其流行率之间存在关系，并生成了一个栅格地图。年降水量、年平均温度、土壤碳含量和土地覆盖是主要相关的环境变量。旋毛虫和钩虫的生态位有 68%的重叠。
在这里，我们提供了可用于制定更有效和综合的旋毛虫和钩虫感染控制策略的信息。该信息可附加到其他风险因素或甚至其他疾病的研究中，以评估社区的健康状况。
