Bahraminasab Marjan, Arab Samaneh, Ghaffari Somaye
Nervous System Stem Cells Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
Bioimpacts. 2022;12(3):247-259. doi: 10.34172/bi.2021.2330. Epub 2021 Sep 25.
Alumina-titanium (AlO-Ti) composites with enhanced mechanical and corrosion properties have been recently developed for potential applications in orthopaedics and hard tissue replacements. However, before any clinical use, their interactions with biological environment must be examined. The aim of this study, therefore, was to assess the biocompatibility of three AlO-Ti composites having 25, 50, and 75 volume percentages of titanium. These materials were made by spark plasma sintering (SPS), and MC3T3-E1 cells were cultured onto the sample discs to evaluate the cell viability, proliferation, differentiation, mineralization, and adhesion. Furthermore, the apatite formation ability and wettability of the composites were analysed. Pure Ti (100Ti) and monolithic AlO (0Ti) were also fabricated by SPS and biological characteristics of the composites were compared with them. The results showed that cell viability to 75Ti (95.0%), 50Ti (87.3%), and 25Ti (63.9%) was superior when compared with 100Ti (42.7%). Pure AlO also caused very high cell viability (89.9%). Furthermore, high cell proliferation was seen at early stage for 50Ti, while the cells exposed to 75Ti proliferated more at late stages. Cell differentiation was approximately equal between different groups, and increased by time. Matrix mineralization was higher on the composite surfaces rather than on 0Ti and 100Ti. Moreover, the cells adhered differently to the surfaces of different biomaterials where more spindle-shaped configuration was found on 100Ti, slightly enlarged cells with dendritic shape and early pseudopodia were observed on 75Ti, and more enlarged cells with long dendritic extensions were found on 0Ti, 25Ti, and 50Ti. The results of EDS analysis showed that both Ca and P deposited on the surfaces of all materials, after 20 days of immersion in SBF. Our in-vitro findings demonstrated that the 75Ti, 50Ti, and 25Ti composites have high potential to be used as load-bearing orthopedic materials.
具有增强机械性能和耐腐蚀性能的氧化铝-钛（AlO-Ti）复合材料最近已被开发出来，用于骨科和硬组织替代的潜在应用。然而，在任何临床应用之前，必须检查它们与生物环境的相互作用。因此，本研究的目的是评估三种钛体积百分比分别为25%、50%和75%的AlO-Ti复合材料的生物相容性。这些材料通过放电等离子烧结（SPS）制成，将MC3T3-E1细胞接种到样品盘上，以评估细胞活力、增殖、分化、矿化和黏附情况。此外，还分析了复合材料的磷灰石形成能力和润湿性。纯钛（100Ti）和整块氧化铝（0Ti）也通过SPS制备，并将复合材料的生物学特性与之进行比较。结果表明，与100Ti（42.7%）相比，75Ti（95.0%）、50Ti（87.3%）和25Ti（63.9%）的细胞活力更高。纯氧化铝也具有非常高的细胞活力（89.9%）。此外，50Ti在早期阶段细胞增殖较高，而暴露于75Ti的细胞在后期增殖更多。不同组之间的细胞分化大致相同，并随时间增加。复合材料表面的基质矿化高于0Ti和100Ti。此外，细胞在不同生物材料表面的黏附情况不同，在100Ti上发现更多纺锤形形态，在75Ti上观察到细胞略有增大，呈树突状形状并带有早期伪足，在0Ti、25Ti和50Ti上发现更多细胞增大且带有长树突状延伸。能谱分析（EDS）结果表明，在模拟体液（SBF）中浸泡20天后，钙和磷都沉积在所有材料的表面。我们的体外研究结果表明，75Ti、50Ti和25Ti复合材料具有作为承重骨科材料的巨大潜力。
