Lenz Alexandre Rafael, Balbinot Eduardo, de Abreu Fernanda Pessi, de Oliveira Nikael Souza, Fontana Roselei Claudete, de Avila E Silva Scheila, Park Myung Soo, Lim Young Woon, Houbraken Jos, Camassola Marli, Dillon Aldo José Pinheiro
Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Laboratory, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Caxias Do Sul, Francisco Getúlio Vargas Street 1130, Caxias do Sul, RS, 95070-560, Brazil.
Bahia State University, Silveira Martins Street 2555, Salvador, BA, 41150-000, Brazil.
Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek. 2022 Aug;115(8):1009-1029. doi: 10.1007/s10482-022-01746-4. Epub 2022 Jun 9.
The genomes of two Penicillium strains were sequenced and studied in this study: strain 2HH was isolated from the digestive tract of Anobium punctatum beetle larva in 1979 and the cellulase hypersecretory strain S1M29, derived from strain 2HH by a long-term mutagenesis process. With these data, the strains were reclassified and insight is obtained on molecular features related to cellulase hyperproduction and the albino phenotype of the mutant. Both strains were previously identified as Penicillium echinulatum and this investigation indicated that these should be reclassified. Phylogenetic and phenotype data showed that these strains represent a new Penicillium species in series Oxalica, for which the name Penicillium ucsense is proposed here. Six additional strains (SFC101850, SFCP10873, SFCP10886, SFCP10931, SFCP10932 and SFCP10933) collected from the marine environment in the Republic of Korea were also classified as this species, indicating a worldwide distribution of this new taxon. Compared to the closely related strain Penicillium oxalicum 114-2, the composition of cell wall-associated proteins of P. ucsense 2HH shows five fewer chitinases, considerable differences in the number of proteins related to β-D-glucan metabolism. The genomic comparison of 2HH and S1M29 highlighted single amino-acid substitutions in two major proteins (BGL2 and FlbA) that can be associated with the hyperproduction of cellulases. The study of melanin pathways shows that the S1M29 albino phenotype resulted from a single amino-acid substitution in the enzyme ALB1, a precursor of the 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene (DHN)-melanin biosynthesis. Our study provides important knowledge towards understanding species distribution, molecular mechanisms, melanin production and cell wall biosynthesis of this new Penicillium species.
菌株2HH于1979年从烟草甲幼虫的消化道中分离得到，纤维素酶高分泌菌株S1M29是通过长期诱变过程从菌株2HH衍生而来。利用这些数据，对这些菌株进行了重新分类，并获得了与纤维素酶高产和突变体白化表型相关的分子特征的见解。这两株菌株之前都被鉴定为刺孢青霉，而本次研究表明它们应该被重新分类。系统发育和表型数据表明，这些菌株代表了草酸系列中的一个新的青霉物种，在此提出将其命名为ucsense青霉。另外六株从韩国海洋环境中采集的菌株（SFC101850、SFCP10873、SFCP10886、SFCP10931、SFCP10932和SFCP10933）也被归类为该物种，这表明这个新分类单元在全球范围内都有分布。与密切相关的菌株草酸青霉114-2相比，ucsense青霉2HH细胞壁相关蛋白的组成显示几丁质酶少了五种，与β-D-葡聚糖代谢相关的蛋白数量也有显著差异。2HH和S1M29的基因组比较突出了两种主要蛋白（BGL2和FlbA）中的单氨基酸替换，这可能与纤维素酶的高产有关。黑色素途径的研究表明，S1M29的白化表型是由1,8-二羟基萘（DHN）-黑色素生物合成的前体酶ALB1中的单氨基酸替换导致的。我们的研究为理解这种新青霉物种的物种分布、分子机制、黑色素产生和细胞壁生物合成提供了重要知识。
