Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.
General Station of Animal Husbandry of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 610066, China.
Poult Sci. 2022 Jul;101(7):101931. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.101931. Epub 2022 Apr 26.
Due to the demand for modern goose production and the pressure of environmental protection, the rearing systems of geese are changing from traditional waterside rearing to intensive rearing systems such as floor rearing (FR) and cage rearing (CR) systems. However, little is known about the effects of different rearing systems on goose intestinal functions and cecal microbial composition. Therefore, this study aimed to compare intestinal histomorphology and cecal microbial composition differences in geese reared under CR and FR at 270 d of age. Histomorphological analysis showed that the ileal villus height (VH) to crypt depth (CD) ratio was significantly greater in CR than in FR (P < 0.001). Taxonomic analysis showed that the dominant bacteria of cecal microorganisms in both rearing systems were roughly similar, with Bacteroidota, Firmicutes, Fusobacteriota, and Proteobacteria being the dominant phyla while Bacteroides, Fusobacterium, and uncultured_bacterium_o_Bacteroidales being the dominant genera. Differentially abundant taxa between CR and FR were also identified using Linear Discriminant Analysis Effect Size (LEfSe) analysis (P < 0.05, LDA score > 3.5). Megamonas and Anaerobiospirillum were significantly enriched in the CR group at the genus level, while uncultured_bacterium_f_Rikenellaceae and Sutterella were significantly enriched in the FR group. Notably, we found that the relative abundance of uncultured_bacterium_f_Rikenellaceae was significantly negatively correlated with the ileal VH and VH/CD (P < 0.05). The relative abundance of Megamonas and Anaerobiospirillum were significantly negatively correlated with abdominal fat weight and relative abdominal fat weight (P < 0.01), whereas that of Sutterella was significantly positively correlated with abdominal fat weight and relative abdominal fat weight (P < 0.01). Furthermore, PICRUSt2 analysis indicated that the lipid metabolism pathways of cecal microorganisms were lower enriched in CR than in FR. In conclusion, compared with FR, the CR significantly changed goose ileal histomorphological characteristics and cecal microbial composition, thereby affecting goose physiological functions and production performance.
由于现代鹅生产的需求和环境保护的压力，鹅的饲养系统正从传统的水边饲养向密集饲养系统（如地板饲养（FR）和笼养（CR）系统）转变。然而，对于不同饲养系统对鹅肠道功能和盲肠微生物组成的影响知之甚少。因此，本研究旨在比较 270 日龄鹅在 CR 和 FR 下的肠道组织形态学和盲肠微生物组成差异。组织形态学分析显示，CR 组的回肠绒毛高度（VH）与隐窝深度（CD）比值显著大于 FR 组（P < 0.001）。分类分析表明，两种饲养系统盲肠微生物的优势菌大致相似，优势菌门为拟杆菌门、厚壁菌门、梭杆菌门和变形菌门，优势属为拟杆菌属、梭杆菌属和未培养的拟杆菌目菌属。通过线性判别分析效应量（LEfSe）分析（P < 0.05，LDA 得分> 3.5）也鉴定了 CR 和 FR 之间差异丰富的分类群。Megamonas 和 Anaerobiospirillum 在 CR 组中属水平显著富集，而 uncultured_bacterium_f_Rikenellaceae 和 Sutterella 在 FR 组中显著富集。值得注意的是，我们发现 uncultured_bacterium_f_Rikenellaceae 的相对丰度与回肠 VH 和 VH/CD 呈显著负相关（P < 0.05）。Megamonas 和 Anaerobiospirillum 的相对丰度与腹部脂肪重量和相对腹部脂肪重量呈显著负相关（P < 0.01），而 Sutterella 的相对丰度与腹部脂肪重量和相对腹部脂肪重量呈显著正相关（P < 0.01）。此外，PICRUSt2 分析表明，CR 中盲肠微生物的脂质代谢途径富集程度低于 FR。综上所述，与 FR 相比，CR 显著改变了鹅回肠组织形态学特征和盲肠微生物组成，从而影响鹅的生理功能和生产性能。
