Chen Qingliang, Song Yang, He Zhiyu, Yang Guang, Wang Junqi, Li Xiaopeng, Wang Wanxia, Yuan Xin, Hu Jiwei, He Hua, Li Liang, Wang Jiwen, Hu Shenqiang
Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.
Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.
Front Vet Sci. 2024 Feb 13;11:1335152. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1335152. eCollection 2024.
Due to the demands for both environmental protection and modernization of the goose industry in China, the traditional goose waterside rearing systems have been gradually transitioning to the modern intensive dryland rearing ones, such as the net-floor mixed rearing system (MRS) and cage rearing system (CRS). However, the goose immune responses to different dryland rearing systems remain poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate and compare the age-dependent effects of MRS and CRS on the splenic histomorphological characteristics and immune-related genes expression profiles among three economically important goose breeds, including Sichuan White goose (SW), Gang goose (GE), and Landes goose (LD). Morphological analysis revealed that the splenic weight and organ index of SW were higher under CRS than under MRS ( < 0.05). Histological observations showed that for SW and LD, the splenic corpuscle diameter and area as well as trabecular artery diameter were larger under MRS than under CRS at 30 or 43 weeks of age ( < 0.05), while the splenic red pulp area of GE was larger under CRS than under MRS at 43 weeks of age ( < 0.05). Besides, at 43 weeks of age, higher mRNA expression levels of , , and in spleens of SW were observed under MRS than under CRS ( < 0.05), while higher levels of and in spleens of LD were observed under MRS than under CRS ( < 0.05). For GE, there were higher mRNA expression levels of in spleens under CRS at 30 weeks of age ( < 0.05). Moreover, our correlation analysis showed that there appeared to be more pronounced positive associations between the splenic histological parameters and expression levels of several key immune-related genes under MRS than under CRS. Therefore, it is speculated that the geese reared under MRS might exhibit enhanced immune functions than those under CRS, particularly for SW and LD. Although these phenotypic differences are assumed to be associated with the age-dependent differential expression profiles of , , , , and in the goose spleen, the underlying regulatory mechanisms await further investigations.
由于中国对环境保护和鹅产业现代化的需求，传统的鹅水养系统已逐渐向现代集约化旱地饲养系统转变，如网上平养混合饲养系统（MRS）和笼养系统（CRS）。然而，鹅对不同旱地饲养系统的免疫反应仍知之甚少。本研究旨在调查和比较MRS和CRS对三个重要经济鹅品种（包括四川白鹅（SW）、钢鹅（GE）和朗德鹅（LD））脾脏组织形态学特征和免疫相关基因表达谱的年龄依赖性影响。形态学分析表明，CRS条件下SW的脾脏重量和器官指数高于MRS条件下（<0.05）。组织学观察显示，对于SW和LD，在30或43周龄时，MRS条件下的脾小结直径和面积以及小梁动脉直径大于CRS条件下（<0.05），而在43周龄时，GE的CRS条件下的脾红髓面积大于MRS条件下（<0.05）。此外，在43周龄时，观察到MRS条件下SW脾脏中、和的mRNA表达水平高于CRS条件下（<0.05），而MRS条件下LD脾脏中和的水平高于CRS条件下（<0.05）。对于GE，在30周龄时CRS条件下脾脏中的mRNA表达水平较高（<0.05）。此外，我们的相关性分析表明，与CRS相比，MRS条件下脾脏组织学参数与几个关键免疫相关基因表达水平之间的正相关似乎更明显。因此，推测MRS条件下饲养的鹅可能比CRS条件下的鹅具有更强的免疫功能，特别是对于SW和LD。尽管这些表型差异被认为与鹅脾脏中、、、和的年龄依赖性差异表达谱有关，但其潜在的调控机制有待进一步研究。
