Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 564, SE-751 22 Uppsala, Sweden.
Stress Research Institute, Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Jun 1;19(11):6783. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19116783.
We aimed to provide an overview of how work environment and occupational health are affected, and describe interventions designed to improve the work environment during epidemics and pandemics. The guidelines on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) were followed. The databases Cinahl, Medline, PsycInfo, and Web of Science were searched for population: working population; exposure: coronavirus epidemic or pandemic; and outcome: work environment, in articles published until October 2020. Quality assessment was based on a modified version of the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT). After deduplication 3711 articles remained, of which 530 were selected for full-text screening and 119 for quality assessment. After the exclusion of studies that were low quality, 95 remained, of which 85 focused on healthcare personnel and 10 on employees in other industries; 73 used quantitative methods and 22 used qualitative or mixed methods; the majority were based on cross-sectional data. Healthcare staff experienced increased job demands, poor leadership, and lack of resources (personal protective equipment, personnel, and competence). High demands and work with infected patients were associated with negative mental health outcomes. There was a lack of studies assessing interventions, studies from industries other than healthcare, and studies of high quality.
我们旨在提供一个概述，说明工作环境和职业健康如何受到影响，并描述旨在改善传染病和大流行期间工作环境的干预措施。本研究遵循系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目（PRISMA）指南。在 2020 年 10 月之前发表的文章中，在 Cinahl、Medline、PsycInfo 和 Web of Science 数据库中针对人群、暴露和结果进行了搜索。人群：工作人群；暴露：冠状病毒流行或大流行；结果：工作环境。质量评估基于混合方法评估工具（MMAT）的修订版本。在剔除重复项后，仍有 3711 篇文章，其中 530 篇进行了全文筛选，119 篇进行了质量评估。在排除低质量的研究后，仍有 95 篇研究，其中 85 篇关注医护人员，10 篇关注其他行业的员工；73 篇使用定量方法，22 篇使用定性或混合方法；大多数研究基于横断面数据。医护人员的工作需求增加、领导不力和缺乏资源（个人防护设备、人员和能力）。高需求和与感染患者一起工作与负面心理健康结果有关。缺乏评估干预措施的研究、来自医疗保健行业以外的研究以及高质量的研究。
