Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Special Environment and Health Research, Urumqi 830011, China.
Department of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Jun 3;19(11):6843. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19116843.
Work stress has been found to be associated with sleep quality in various occupational groups, and genetic factors such as variable number tandem repeat polymorphism in the Period3 (Per3) gene also influence the circadian sleep-wake process. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the sleep quality status of non-manual workers in Xinjiang, China and to analyse the effects of work stress and Per3 gene polymorphism and their interaction on sleep quality. A cluster sampling method was used to randomly select 1700 non-manual workers in Urumqi, Xinjiang. The work stress and sleep quality of these workers were evaluated using the Effort−Reward Imbalance Inventory (ERI) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Next, 20% of the questionnaire respondents were randomly selected for genetic polymorphism analysis. The polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism technique was used to determine Per3 gene polymorphism. The detection rate of sleep quality problems differed between the different work stress groups (p < 0.05), suggesting that non-manual workers with high levels of work stress are more likely to have sleep quality problems. Regression analysis revealed that the Per3 gene (OR = 3.315, 95% CI: 1.672−6.574) was the influencing factor for poor sleep quality after adjusting for confounding factors, such as occupation, length of service, education, and monthly income. Interaction analysis showed that Per34/5,5/5 × high work stress (OR = 2.511, 95% CI: 1.635−3.855) had a higher risk of developing sleep quality problems as compared to Per34/4 × low work stress after adjusting for confounding factors. The structural equation modelling showed no mediating effect between work stress and Per3 gene polymorphism. The results of this study show that both work stress and Per3 gene polymorphism independently affect sleep quality of nonmanual workers from Xinjiang, and the interaction between these two factors may increase the risk of sleep quality problems. Therefore, to improve sleep quality, individuals with genetic susceptibility should avoid or reduce as much as possible self-stimulation by work-related exposures such as high levels of external work stress.
工作压力与不同职业群体的睡眠质量有关，而遗传因素如 Period3（Per3）基因中的可变数目串联重复多态性也会影响昼夜睡眠-觉醒过程。因此，本研究旨在评估中国新疆非体力劳动者的睡眠质量状况，并分析工作压力和 Per3 基因多态性及其相互作用对睡眠质量的影响。采用整群抽样方法，随机抽取新疆乌鲁木齐市 1700 名非体力劳动者。采用工作压力-回报失衡问卷（ERI）和匹兹堡睡眠质量指数（PSQI）评估这些工人的工作压力和睡眠质量。然后，随机抽取 20%的问卷受访者进行遗传多态性分析。采用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性技术确定 Per3 基因多态性。不同工作压力组之间的睡眠质量问题检出率不同（p<0.05），提示工作压力水平较高的非体力劳动者更易出现睡眠质量问题。回归分析显示，调整职业、工龄、教育程度和月收入等混杂因素后，Per3 基因（OR=3.315，95%CI：1.672-6.574）是睡眠质量差的影响因素。交互分析显示，调整混杂因素后，Per34/5、5/5×高工作压力（OR=2.511，95%CI：1.635-3.855）与 Per34/4×低工作压力相比，发生睡眠质量问题的风险更高。结构方程模型显示，工作压力与 Per3 基因多态性之间无中介效应。本研究结果表明，工作压力和 Per3 基因多态性均独立影响新疆非体力劳动者的睡眠质量，两者之间的相互作用可能会增加睡眠质量问题的风险。因此，为改善睡眠质量，具有遗传易感性的个体应避免或尽量减少工作相关暴露（如高水平的外部工作压力）对自身的刺激。
