Ghorbani Mohammad, Konvalina Petr, Neugschwandtner Reinhard W, Kopecký Marek, Amirahmadi Elnaz, Moudrý Jan, Menšík Ladislav
Department of Agroecosystems, Faculty of Agriculture and Technology, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1645/31A, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
Department of Crop Sciences, Institute of Agronomy, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria.
Plants (Basel). 2022 May 27;11(11):1424. doi: 10.3390/plants11111424.
Understanding the structural differences between feedstocks is critical for biochar effectiveness in plant growth. To examine the efficiency of biochars with unique physiological structures in a cadmium (Cd)-polluted soil, rice and maize as C3 and C4 plants, as well as biochar generated from their residues, defined as BC3 and BC4, were utilized. The experiment involved a control and a Cd-polluted soil (20 mg kg) without biochar application, and applications of each type of biochar (20 t ha) on Cd-polluted or unpolluted soil. In rice and maize fields, BC3 application led to the highest value of cation exchange capacity (CEC), with increases of 162% and 115%, respectively, over the control, while CEC increased by 110% and 71% with BC4 in the rice and maize field, respectively. As compared to the control, BC3 and BC4 dramatically enhanced the photosynthetic rate (Pn) of rice by 116% and 80%, respectively, and maize by 67% and 31%. BC3 and BC4 significantly decreased the Cd transfer coefficient in rice by 54% and 30% and in maize by 45% and 21%. Overall, BC3 is preferred over BC4 for establishing rice and maize in Cd-polluted soil, as it has a lower C/N ratio, a considerably higher surface area, and more notable alkaline features such as a higher CEC and nutrient storage.
了解原料之间的结构差异对于生物炭在植物生长中的有效性至关重要。为了研究具有独特生理结构的生物炭在镉（Cd）污染土壤中的效率，选用了水稻和玉米这两种C3和C4植物，以及由它们的残渣产生的生物炭，分别定义为BC3和BC4。该实验包括一个对照和一个不施加生物炭的镉污染土壤（20毫克/千克），以及在镉污染或未污染土壤上施加每种类型生物炭（20吨/公顷）的情况。在水稻和玉米田中，施用BC3导致阳离子交换容量（CEC）值最高，与对照相比分别增加了162%和115%，而在水稻和玉米田中施用BC4时CEC分别增加了110%和71%。与对照相比，BC3和BC4分别使水稻的光合速率（Pn）显著提高了116%和80%，使玉米的光合速率显著提高了67%和31%。BC3和BC4使水稻中的镉转移系数显著降低了54%和30%，使玉米中的镉转移系数显著降低了45%和21%。总体而言，在镉污染土壤中种植水稻和玉米时，BC3比BC4更具优势，因为它具有较低的碳氮比、相当高的表面积以及更显著的碱性特征，如更高的阳离子交换容量和养分储存能力。
