Department of Pharmacology, Neuropharmacology Division, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga 142001, India.
Department of Pharmacy Practice, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga 142001, India.
Molecules. 2022 Jun 1;27(11):3561. doi: 10.3390/molecules27113561.
Brain tumours have unresolved challenges that include delay prognosis and lower patient survival rate. The increased understanding of the molecular pathways underlying cancer progression has aided in developing various anticancer medications. Brain cancer is the most malignant and invasive type of cancer, with several subtypes. According to the WHO, they are classified as ependymal tumours, chordomas, gangliocytomas, medulloblastomas, oligodendroglial tumours, diffuse astrocytomas, and other astrocytic tumours on the basis of their heterogeneity and molecular mechanisms. The present study is based on the most recent research trends, emphasising glioblastoma cells classified as astrocytoma. Brain cancer treatment is hindered by the failure of drugs to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which is highly impregnableto foreign molecule entry. Moreover, currently available medications frequently fail to cross the BBB, whereas chemotherapy and radiotherapy are too expensive to be afforded by an average incomeperson and have many associated side effects. When compared to our current understanding of molecularly targeted chemotherapeutic agents, it appears that investigating the efficacy of specific phytochemicals in cancer treatment may be beneficial. Plants and their derivatives are game changers because they are efficacious, affordable, environmentally friendly, faster, and less toxic for the treatment of benign and malignant tumours. Over the past few years, nanotechnology has made a steady progress in diagnosing and treating cancers, particularly brain tumours. This article discusses the effects of phytochemicals encapsulated in nanoparticles on molecular targets in brain tumours, along with their limitations and potential challenges.
脑肿瘤存在尚未解决的挑战，包括预后延迟和患者生存率降低。对癌症进展下分子途径的深入了解有助于开发各种抗癌药物。脑癌是最恶性和侵袭性的癌症之一，有几种亚型。根据世卫组织的分类，它们基于异质性和分子机制，被分为室管膜瘤、脊索瘤、神经节细胞瘤、髓母细胞瘤、少突胶质细胞瘤、弥漫性星形细胞瘤和其他星形细胞瘤。本研究基于最新的研究趋势，强调了分类为星形细胞瘤的神经胶质瘤细胞。药物无法穿过血脑屏障 (BBB)，这使得脑癌的治疗受到阻碍，因为 BBB 对进入的外来分子高度封闭。此外，目前可用的药物经常无法穿过 BBB，而化疗和放疗对普通人来说太贵了，而且有许多相关的副作用。与我们目前对分子靶向化疗药物的理解相比，研究特定植物化学物质在癌症治疗中的疗效似乎可能是有益的。植物及其衍生物是改变游戏规则的因素，因为它们在治疗良性和恶性肿瘤方面有效、经济实惠、环保、快速且毒性较小。在过去的几年中，纳米技术在癌症的诊断和治疗方面取得了稳步进展，尤其是在脑肿瘤方面。本文讨论了封装在纳米颗粒中的植物化学物质对脑肿瘤分子靶标的影响，以及它们的局限性和潜在挑战。
