Department of Microbiology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Republic of Korea.
Material Nanochemistry Laboratory, Physical Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati 781035, India.
Int J Nanomedicine. 2020 Nov 19;15:9125-9157. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S259628. eCollection 2020.
In the current chapter, a new strategic compilation of phytochemicals with potent antitumor properties has been addressed, most importantly focusing on cell cycle arrest and apoptotic signaling mechanism. A promising approach in tumor prevention is to eliminate cancer cells preferably via cell cycle arrest and programmed cell death with lesser harm to neighboring normal cells. Cancer cells have a survival advantage to escape apoptosis and relentlessly divide to proliferate, gearing up the cell cycle process. Recently, the use of phytochemical-derived conjugated chemotherapeutic agents has increased dramatically owing to its biocompatibility, low cytotoxicity, low resistance, and dynamic physiochemical properties discriminating normal cells in the treatment of various cancer types. For decades, biomedical investigations have targeted cell cycle and apoptotic cell death mechanism as an effective cancer-killing tool for systemically assessing the potential biological interactions of functional phytocompounds compared to its synthetic counterparts during their complete life cycles from entry, biodistribution, cellular/molecular interactions to excretion. Newly emerging nanotechnology application in anticancer drug formulations has revolutionized cancer therapy. Tissue-specific phyto-nanomedicine plays a vital role in advanced cancer diagnostics using liposome, micelle, and nanoparticles as a precise and effective delivery vehicle. This chapter specifically focuses on the therapeutic phytomolecules approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA, USA) along with phyto-chemopreventives currently on clinical trials (Phase-I/II/III/IV). Besides, detailed coverage is given to the FDA-approved nanotechnology-based formulations only in the areas of cancer theranostics via cell cycle arrest and apoptotic pathways including present challenges and future perspectives.
在当前这一章中，我们对具有强效抗肿瘤特性的植物化学物质进行了新的战略组合，重点主要放在细胞周期停滞和凋亡信号机制上。肿瘤预防的一个很有前途的方法是通过细胞周期停滞和程序性细胞死亡来消除癌细胞，而对相邻的正常细胞造成的伤害较小。癌细胞具有逃避凋亡的生存优势，并无情地分裂增殖，从而加速细胞周期进程。最近，由于其生物相容性、低细胞毒性、低耐药性和动态物理化学特性，使得源自植物化学物质的共轭化疗药物的使用显著增加，从而在治疗各种癌症类型时能够区分正常细胞。几十年来，生物医学研究一直将细胞周期和凋亡细胞死亡机制作为一种有效的抗癌工具，用于系统评估功能植物化合物的潜在生物学相互作用与其合成对应物在其整个生命周期中的相互作用，包括进入、生物分布、细胞/分子相互作用到排泄。新兴的纳米技术在抗癌药物制剂中的应用彻底改变了癌症治疗。组织特异性植物纳米医学在使用脂质体、胶束和纳米颗粒作为精确有效的药物递送载体的先进癌症诊断中发挥着重要作用。这一章特别关注美国食品和药物管理局 (FDA) 批准的治疗用植物分子以及目前正在进行临床试验 (I 期/II 期/III 期/IV 期) 的植物化学预防剂。此外，仅在通过细胞周期停滞和凋亡途径进行癌症治疗和诊断的领域中，详细介绍了 FDA 批准的基于纳米技术的制剂，包括当前的挑战和未来的展望。
