Narciso Laura, Martinelli Andrea, Torriani Flavio, Frassanito Paolo, Bernardini Roberta, Chiarotti Flavia, Marianelli Cinzia
Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
Centre for Animal Experimentation and Well-Being, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
Front Nutr. 2022 May 24;9:886078. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2022.886078. eCollection 2022.
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) represents one of the greatest challenges to public health given its serious consequences on cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. A carbohydrate-restricted, low-fat diet is the current therapy for MetS. Natural mineral waters (NMWs) are known to exert beneficial effects on human health. Our primary objective was to shed light on the potential therapeutic properties of NMWs in MetS. A total of 125 C57BL/6 male and female mice were included in the study. Of these, 10 were left untreated. They were fed a standard diet with tap water throughout the study period, and stayed healthy. The remaining 115 mice were initially fed a high-calorie diet (HCD) consisting of a high-fat feed (60% of energy from fat) with 10% fructose in tap water, served over a period of 4 months to induce MetS (the MetS induction phase). Mice were then randomly divided into six treatment groups and a control group, all of which received a low-calorie diet (LCD), but with a different kind of drinking water, for 2 months (the treatment phase). Five groups were each treated with a different kind of NMW, one group by alternating the five NMWs, and one group - the control group - was given tap water. Body weight and blood biochemistry were monitored over the 6-month trial. After 4 months, male and female mice on HCD developed obesity, hypercholesterolaemia and hyperglycaemia, although gains in body weight, total cholesterol, and blood glucose in males were greater than those observed in females ( < 0.0001). When combined with an LCD, the NMWs rich in sulphate, magnesium and bicarbonate, and the minimally mineralised one were the most effective in reducing the blood levels of total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and glucose. Sex differences emerged during both the MetS induction phase and the treatment phase. These results suggest that NMWs rich in specific macronutrients, such as bicarbonate, sulphate and magnesium, and minimally mineralised water, in combination with an LCD, may contribute to controlling blood lipid and glucose levels in subjects with MetS. Further studies are needed to confirm these results and to extend them to humans.
代谢综合征（MetS）因其对心血管疾病和2型糖尿病的严重影响，成为公共卫生面临的最大挑战之一。限制碳水化合物的低脂饮食是目前治疗代谢综合征的方法。已知天然矿泉水（NMWs）对人体健康有有益影响。我们的主要目标是阐明天然矿泉水对代谢综合征的潜在治疗特性。该研究共纳入125只C57BL/6雄性和雌性小鼠。其中10只未接受治疗。在整个研究期间，它们食用标准饮食并饮用自来水，保持健康。其余115只小鼠最初喂食高热量饮食（HCD），该饮食由高脂肪饲料（60%的能量来自脂肪）和自来水中10%的果糖组成，持续4个月以诱导代谢综合征（代谢综合征诱导期）。然后将小鼠随机分为六个治疗组和一个对照组，所有组均接受低热量饮食（LCD），但饮用不同种类的水，持续2个月（治疗期）。五个组分别用不同种类的天然矿泉水治疗，一组交替饮用五种天然矿泉水，一组——对照组——饮用自来水。在为期6个月的试验中监测体重和血液生化指标。4个月后，食用高热量饮食的雄性和雌性小鼠出现肥胖、高胆固醇血症和高血糖，尽管雄性小鼠的体重增加、总胆固醇和血糖升高幅度大于雌性小鼠（<0.0001）。当与低热量饮食相结合时，富含硫酸盐、镁和碳酸氢盐的天然矿泉水以及矿化程度最低的天然矿泉水在降低总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白（HDL）胆固醇和血糖的血液水平方面最有效。在代谢综合征诱导期和治疗期均出现了性别差异。这些结果表明，富含特定常量营养素（如碳酸氢盐、硫酸盐和镁）的天然矿泉水以及矿化程度最低的水，与低热量饮食相结合，可能有助于控制代谢综合征患者的血脂和血糖水平。需要进一步研究来证实这些结果并将其推广至人类。
