Cheng Jiongjia, Wang Xiaofeng, Yuan Xuechun, Liu Guangxiang, Chu Qian
Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials of Nanjing, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University Nanjing 211171, Jiangsu, China.
Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 211198, Jiangsu, China.
Am J Cancer Res. 2022 May 15;12(5):2226-2248. eCollection 2022.
Effective biomarkers that guide therapeutics with limited adverse effects, have emerged as attractive research topics in cancer diagnosis and treatment. Cancer-derived exosomes, a type of extracellular vesicles representing molecular signatures of cells of origin, could serve as stable reservoirs for potential biomarkers (i.e., proteins, nucleic acids) in non-invasive cancer diagnosis and prognosis. In this review, the physiological and pathological roles of exosomes and their protein components in facilitating tumorigenesis are highlighted. Exosomes carrying proteins can participate in tumor development and progression through multiple signaling pathways, including EMT, invasion and metastasis. Meanwhile, the practical applications of exosomal proteins in detecting and monitoring several solid-tumor cancers (including lung, breast, pancreatic, colorectal and prostate cancers) were also summarized. More clinically relevant, exosomal proteins play pivotal roles in transmitting oncogenic potential or resistance to therapies in recipient cells, which might further support therapeutic strategy determinations.
能在副作用有限的情况下指导治疗的有效生物标志物，已成为癌症诊断和治疗中颇具吸引力的研究课题。癌症衍生的外泌体是一种代表细胞起源分子特征的细胞外囊泡，在非侵入性癌症诊断和预后中可作为潜在生物标志物（即蛋白质、核酸）的稳定储存库。在这篇综述中，重点介绍了外泌体及其蛋白质成分在促进肿瘤发生中的生理和病理作用。携带蛋白质的外泌体可通过多种信号通路参与肿瘤的发展和进展，包括上皮-间质转化、侵袭和转移。同时，还总结了外泌体蛋白在检测和监测几种实体肿瘤（包括肺癌、乳腺癌、胰腺癌、结直肠癌和前列腺癌）中的实际应用。更具临床相关性的是，外泌体蛋白在向受体细胞传递致癌潜能或对治疗的抗性方面发挥着关键作用，这可能进一步支持治疗策略的确定。
