Tian Sen, Huang Haidong, Hu Zhenli, Dong Yuchao, Bai Chong
Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.
J Thorac Dis. 2022 May;14(5):1674-1683. doi: 10.21037/jtd-21-1871.
Airway stents, used to restore airway patency, are mostly utilized by patients with malignant airway strictures, and are occasionally used in a range of other airway related diseases, including conditions which result in benign stenosis, malacia, and fistula. There has been an increasing number of airway stents that are being developed thanks to improvements in interventional therapy. However, the method of promoting airway stents for clinical application remains undetermined. Herein, we describe the recent advances in airway stents by reviewing the published studies, providing the reference for clinical decision-making and further research on airway stents.
Relevant articles between January 1964 and November 2021 were obtained from PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE databases. The terms "metallic", "silicone", "drug-eluting", "biodegradable", "radioactive", "three-dimensional (3D)", and "stents" were searched in different combinations. In this review, we focus on the latest evidence in terms of the application of various stents with novel materials and designs including novel metallic, novel silicone, drug-eluting, biodegradable, radioactive, and 3D stents for airway stenosis. Despite reducing the well-known complications of all current commercially available stents, novel stents are still in their infancy without a long track record of utility and safety, and remain some limitations. There are more steps to be taken before such stents enter routine clinical practice.
A combination of 3D-printing method and biodegradable material may present a promising avenue of solving the existing problems pertaining to "classic" stents and has potential to become the main trend in the future.
气道支架用于恢复气道通畅，主要应用于恶性气道狭窄患者，偶尔也用于一系列其他气道相关疾病，包括导致良性狭窄、软化和瘘管的病症。由于介入治疗的进步，正在研发的气道支架数量不断增加。然而，促进气道支架临床应用的方法仍未确定。在此，我们通过回顾已发表的研究来描述气道支架的最新进展，为气道支架的临床决策和进一步研究提供参考。
从PubMed、Web of Science和EMBASE数据库中获取1964年1月至2021年11月期间的相关文章。以不同组合搜索“金属的”“硅酮的”“药物洗脱的”“可生物降解的”“放射性的”“三维（3D）”和“支架”等术语。在本综述中，我们关注各种具有新型材料和设计的支架在气道狭窄应用方面的最新证据，包括新型金属支架、新型硅酮支架、药物洗脱支架、可生物降解支架、放射性支架和3D支架。尽管新型支架减少了所有现有商用支架的已知并发症，但它们仍处于起步阶段，缺乏长期的实用性和安全性记录，并且仍然存在一些局限性。在这些支架进入常规临床实践之前，还有更多步骤要采取。
3D打印方法与可生物降解材料的结合可能是解决与“经典”支架相关的现有问题的一条有前途的途径，并且有可能成为未来的主要趋势。
