评估移民对加拿大护理和医疗支持职业的贡献：多尺度分析。
Assessing the contribution of immigrants to Canada's nursing and health care support occupations: a multi-scalar analysis.
机构信息
Department of Social Work and Urban Studies, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN, USA.
Balsillie School of International Affairs, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada.
出版信息
Hum Resour Health. 2022 Jun 13;20(1):53. doi: 10.1186/s12960-022-00748-7.
BACKGROUND
The World Health Organization adopted the Global Strategy on Human Resources for Health Workforce 2030 in May 2016. It sets specific milestones for improving health workforce planning in member countries, such as developing a health workforce registry by 2020 and ensuring workforce self-sufficiency by halving dependency on foreign-trained health professionals. Canada falls short in achieving these milestones due to the absence of such a registry and a poor understanding of immigrants in the health workforce, particularly nursing and healthcare support occupations. This paper provides a multiscale (Canada, Ontario, and Ontario's Local Health Integration Networks) overview of immigrant participation in nursing and health care support occupations, discusses associated enumeration challenges, and the implications for health workforce planning focusing on immigrants.
METHODS
Descriptive data analysis was performed on Canadian Institute for Health Information dataset for 2010 to 2020, and 2016 Canadian Census and other relevant data sources.
RESULTS
The distribution of nurses in Canada, Ontario, and Ontario's Local Health Integration Networks reveal a growth in Nurse Practitioners and Registered/Licensed Practical Nurses, and contraction in the share of Registered Nurses. Immigrant entry into the profession was primarily through the practical nurse cadre. Mid-sized communities registered the highest growth in the share of internationally educated nurses. Data also pointed towards the underutilization of immigrants in regulated nursing and health occupations.
CONCLUSION
Immigrants comprise an important share of Canada's nursing and health care support workforce. Immigrant pathways for entering nursing occupations are complex and difficult to accurately enumerate. This paper recommends the creation of an integrated health workforce dataset, including information about immigrant health workers, for both effective national workforce planning and for assessing Canada's role in global health workforce distribution and utilization.
背景
世界卫生组织于 2016 年 5 月通过了《2030 年全球卫生人力战略》。该战略为成员国改善卫生人力规划设定了具体的里程碑，例如到 2020 年开发一个卫生人力登记册，并通过将对外国培训的卫生专业人员的依赖减少一半来确保劳动力自给自足。加拿大由于缺乏这样的登记册以及对卫生劳动力中移民的了解不足，尤其是护理和医疗支持职业，无法实现这些里程碑。本文提供了一个多尺度（加拿大、安大略省和安大略省地方卫生整合网络）的移民参与护理和医疗支持职业的概述，讨论了相关的计数挑战，以及重点关注移民的卫生劳动力规划的影响。
方法
对 2010 年至 2020 年加拿大卫生信息研究所数据集、2016 年加拿大人口普查和其他相关数据源进行了描述性数据分析。
结果
加拿大、安大略省和安大略省地方卫生整合网络中护士的分布情况显示，护士从业者和注册/执业护士的数量有所增加，注册护士的比例有所下降。移民进入该行业主要是通过实用护士队伍。中等规模的社区登记的具有国际教育背景的护士比例增长最高。数据还表明，在受监管的护理和卫生职业中，移民的利用率不足。
结论
移民构成了加拿大护理和医疗支持劳动力的重要组成部分。移民进入护理职业的途径复杂且难以准确计数。本文建议创建一个综合的卫生劳动力数据集，包括有关移民卫生工作者的信息，以进行有效的国家劳动力规划，并评估加拿大在全球卫生劳动力分布和利用中的作用。
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