Heart Research Institute Sydney New South Wales Australia.
The University of Sydney New South Wales Australia.
J Am Heart Assoc. 2022 Jun 21;11(12):e023386. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.121.023386. Epub 2022 Jun 14.
Background Exercise is associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease. Increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels are thought to contribute to these benefits, but much of the research in this area has been limited by lack of well-controlled subject selection and exercise interventions. We sought to study the effect of moderate and high-intensity exercise on HDL function, lipid/lipoprotein profile, and other cardiometabolic parameters in a homogeneous population where exercise, daily routine, sleep patterns, and living conditions were carefully controlled. Methods and Results Male Army recruits (n=115, age 22±0.3 years) completed a 12-week moderate-intensity exercise program. A subset of 51 subsequently completed a 15-week high-intensity exercise program. Fitness increased and body fat decreased after moderate- and high-intensity exercise (<0.001). Moderate-intensity exercise increased HDL-C and apolipoprotein A-I levels (6.6%, 11.6% respectively), and decreased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein B levels (7.2%, 4.9% respectively) (all <0.01). HDL-C and apolipoprotein A-I levels further increased by 8.2% (<0.001) and 6.3% (<0.05) after high-intensity exercise. Moderate-intensity exercise increased ABCA-1 (ATP-binding cassette transporter A1) mediated cholesterol efflux by 13.5% (<0.001), which was sustained after high-intensity exercise. In a selected subset the ability of HDLs to inhibit ICAM-1 (intercellular adhesion molecule-1) expression decreased after the high (<0.001) but not the moderate-intensity exercise program. Conclusions When controlling for exercise patterns, diet, and sleep, moderate-intensity exercise improved HDL function, lipid/lipoprotein profile, fitness, and body composition. A sequential moderate followed by high-intensity exercise program showed sustained or incremental benefits in these parameters. Improved HDL function may be part of the mechanism by which exercise reduces cardiovascular disease risk.
背景 运动与降低心血管疾病风险相关。高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）水平升高被认为有助于这些益处，但该领域的大部分研究受到缺乏良好对照的受试者选择和运动干预的限制。我们试图在一个同质人群中研究中等强度和高强度运动对 HDL 功能、血脂/脂蛋白谱和其他心血管代谢参数的影响，在这个人群中，运动、日常活动、睡眠模式和生活条件都得到了精心控制。
方法和结果 115 名男性陆军新兵（年龄 22±0.3 岁）完成了 12 周的中等强度运动计划。其中 51 人随后完成了 15 周的高强度运动计划。中等强度和高强度运动后，体能增加，体脂减少（<0.001）。中等强度运动使 HDL-C 和载脂蛋白 A-I 水平分别升高（分别为 6.6%和 11.6%），使低密度脂蛋白胆固醇和载脂蛋白 B 水平分别降低（分别为 7.2%和 4.9%）（均<0.01）。高强度运动后，HDL-C 和载脂蛋白 A-I 水平进一步升高（分别为 8.2%和 6.3%）（均<0.001）。中等强度运动使 ABCA-1（三磷酸腺苷结合盒转运体 A1）介导的胆固醇流出增加了 13.5%（<0.001），这一增加在高强度运动后仍然持续。在一个精选的亚组中，HDL 抑制细胞间黏附分子-1（ICAM-1）表达的能力在高强度运动后降低（<0.001），但在中等强度运动后没有降低。
结论 在控制运动模式、饮食和睡眠的情况下，中等强度运动改善了 HDL 功能、血脂/脂蛋白谱、体能和身体成分。中等强度和高强度运动方案的连续进行显示出这些参数的持续或递增获益。HDL 功能的改善可能是运动降低心血管疾病风险的机制之一。
